14 SEPTEMBER WORLD EVENTS

World-Historical Events of 14th September Past & Present

Japan launches SELENE lunar probe

On September 14, 2007, Japan launched the SELENE lunar probe from Tanegashima Space Center. SELENE, also known as Kaguya, is a spacecraft that will study the Moon's origin, history, and environment.

Domitian's Ascension and Reign: The Flavian Dynasty

On this day 14 September 81 AD, Domitian became the Roman Emperor after the death of his elder brother, Titus. Domitian's reign marked the culmination of the Flavian dynasty, who reigned from 81 AD to 96 AD.

The Great Fire of Moscow:14 September 1812

On September 14, 1812, a massive fire broke out in Moscow. Russian soldiers set fire to stop Napoleon's army from getting supplies and shelter. But the fire got out of control and destroyed a major part of the city. The catastrophic fire made things really hard for Napoleon, and he had to retreat his campaign.

Alexander Turney Stewart: First Department Store New York

On September 14, 1848, Alexander Turney Stewart made history by opening the very first department store in the United States, known as "The Marble Palace" in New York City. His innovative concept allowed customers to find a wide variety of goods all under one roof, making shopping more convenient and setting the stage for the modern department store prevalent nowadays.

Theodore Roosevelt: The Youngest US President, After McKinley's Assassination

On September 14, 1901, Theodore Roosevelt made history as he took on the role of the youngest President of the United States. This event occurred after President William McKinley was assassinated on September 6, 1901. He was shot by anarchist Leon Czolgosz at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York.

Windows ME: The Last Version of the Windows 9x Series

In the year 2000, Microsoft released an operating system called Windows ME, which stands for "Millennium Edition." This was the last version in the Windows 9x series.

Afghanistan's President, Nur Muhammad Taraki Assissnated:

On this day, 14 September 1979, Afghanistan's President, Nur Muhammad Taraki, was killed by gunfire under the orders of Hafizullah Amin. Following Taraki's assassination, Amin assumed the presidency but held the position for only three months before the Soviets intervened and killed him during Operation Storm 333.

Hindi Diwas: 14 September, 2023

On this day, 14 September 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Hindi language as the official language which came into effect on 26 January 1950. Since then we have been celebrating Hindi Diwas annually on 14 September in our country. On this day, we also remember the birth anniversary of Beohar Rajendra Simha (14 September 1900), a renowned Indian scholar and historian who played a significant role in making the Hindi language one of the two official languages. 

Hindi Diwas is also celebrated internationally on January 10 every year as Vishwa Hindi Diwas or World Hindi Day to promote the Hindi language throughout the world.

Present Time Trending News:

1. Kashmir  encounter: 2 Lashkar militants ‘encircled’ in Anantnag: 

The situation in Jammu and Kashmir’s Anantnag district remains tense as security forces continue their efforts to neutralize the threat posed by terrorists, who killed two Army officers and a senior police official in a fierce gunfight on Wednesday.

A fresh effort to eliminate terrorists in the forested region of Kokernag resumed on Thursday morning. Security forces have surrounded two terrorists, including a local Lashkar-e-Taiba operative named Uzair Khan.

2. IBPS Clerk Result: 

The Institute of Banking Personnel Selection (IBPS) has announced the IBPS Clerk Result 2023 for the Online Prelims Exam. Candidates can now check and download their preliminary examination results on the official website. The exam was conducted in August and September 2023, and candidates who qualify in the prelims will have to appear for the main examination in October 2023. 

3. BB OTT 2' winner Elvish Yadav buys a house in Dubai:

'Bigg Boss OTT 2' winner, Elvish Yadav, is now the owner of a luxurious duplex apartment in Dubai. The duplex cost him a whopping Rs 8 crore. Elvish Yadav is currently basking in success. The YouTuber had amassed a massive fan following after his stint in ‘Bigg Boss OTT 2’ and became the first wild card contestant to emerge as the winner of the reality show. Now, he is celebrating his achievements with a gift, which has come with a hefty price tag. Yadav is now the owner of a house in Dubai and it cost him a whopping Rs 8 crore.

4. Nintendo Direct September 2023: Everything Announced:

The third Nintendo Direct of the year just aired, and it established clear expectations for what players should expect as we head into what may be the final year of the Switch’s life as Nintendo’s main platform. Remakes of games like Mario vs. Donkey Kong and Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door was confirmed, the Princess Peach game finally got a full title, and some dormant retro series like Contra and F-Zero are getting brand new games.

The GBA Mario vs. Donkey Kong game is getting a remake

The Princess Peach game is titled Princess Peach: Showtime!

F-Zero returns with F-Zero 99

A Nintendo Museum is opening in Japan

Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door is getting a remake

As this was a packed 40-minute gaming showcase full of surprising reveals, it might have been hard for you to keep track of everything shown off. There’s no need to worry about that, though, as we’ve rounded up every announcement that’s made during the September 14 Nintendo Direct.

5. Federal judge again declares that DACA is illegal:

A federal judge on Wednesday declared illegal a revised version of a federal policy that prevents the deportation of hundreds of thousands of immigrants brought to the U.S. as children.

U.S. District Judge Andrew Hanen agreed with Texas and eight other states suing to stop the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, program. The judge’s ruling was ultimately expected to be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, sending the program’s fate before the high court for a third time.

Hanen barred the government from approving any new applications, but left the program intact for existing recipients during the expected appeals process. Hanen said his order does not require the federal government to take any actions against DACA recipients.

The states have argued the Obama administration didn’t have the authority to first create the program in 2012 because it circumvented Congress.

In 2021, Hanen had declared the program illegal, ruling it had not been subject to public notice and comment periods required under the federal Administrative Procedures Act.

The Biden administration tried to satisfy Hanen’s concerns with a new version of DACA that took effect in October 2022 and was subject to public comments as part of a formal rule-making process.

But Hanen, who was appointed by then-President George W. Bush in 2002, ruled the updated version of DACA was still illegal. He had previously said DACA was unconstitutional and it would be up to Congress to enact legislation shielding people under the program, often known as “Dreamers.”

Hanen also had previously ruled the states had standing to file their lawsuit because they had been harmed by the program.

The states have claimed they incur hundreds of millions of dollars in health care, education and other costs when immigrants are allowed to remain in the country illegally. The states that sued are Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Nebraska, South Carolina, West Virginia, Kansas and Mississippi.

Those defending the program — the federal government, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund and the state of New Jersey — had argued the states failed to present evidence that any of the costs they allege they have incurred have been tied to DACA recipients. They also argued Congress has given the Department of Homeland Security the legal authority to set immigration enforcement policies.

Despite previously declaring the DACA program illegal, Hanen had left the Obama-era program intact for those already benefiting from it. But he had ruled there could be no new applicants while appeals were pending.

There were 578,680 people enrolled in DACA at the end of March, according to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.

The program has faced a roller coaster of court challenges over the years.

In 2016, the Supreme Court deadlocked 4-4 over an expanded DACA and a version of the program for parents of DACA recipients. In 2020, the high court ruled 5-4 that the Trump administration improperly ended DACA, allowing it to stay in place.

In 2022, the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans upheld Hanen’s earlier ruling declaring DACA illegal, but sent the case back to him to review changes made to the program by the Biden administration.

President Joe Biden and advocacy groups have called on Congress to pass permanent protections for ” dreamers.” Congress has failed multiple times to pass proposals called the DREAM Act to protect DACA recipients.

Arm IPO is A Rising: 

PO and tech enthusiasts are excited about the Arm Holdings Plc initial public offering, and with good reason: it’s the first big tech IPO in more than two years.

A lot is riding on its success. In this case, “success” for investors means demand is high and the price rises in the weeks and months after the IPO.

Still,  initially the deal will mostly be lacking one natural buyer:  Exchange Traded Funds.

Arm will be launching its IPO Thursday on the Nasdaq, selling 95.5 million shares at $51, the high end of the expected price range of $47-$51.

Tech investors increasingly use ETFs to gain exposure to broad tech sectors, and subsectors, like semiconductors.

However, some investors who would like to get immediate exposure to the Arm IPO through ETFs may be disappointed.

11 SEPTEMBER WORLD EVENTS

World-Historical Events of 11th September : Past & Present

9/11 Attack On US Soil

The 9/11 attack, also known as the September 11 attack, was a series of coordinated terrorist acts that occurred in the United States on September 11, 2001. On that tragic day, 19 terrorists associated with the extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four commercial aeroplanes. Two of these planes were flown into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, causing both buildings to collapse. Another plane was crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, while the fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, crashed into a field in Pennsylvania after passengers attempted to regain control from the hijackers.

The 9/11 attacks resulted in the deaths of about 3,000 people and caused extensive damage and destruction. This event had profound and far-reaching consequences, leading to significant changes in U.S. domestic and foreign policies, including the initiation of the War on Terror and the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security. 

Patriots Day or National Day of Service & Remembrance:

September 11 is observed as Patriot Day in the United States. It's a day of remembrance and pay tribute to the victims of the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001. On this day, people come together to pay their respects to those who lost their lives in the attacks and to show appreciation for the first responders and security personnel who work day and night to keep the country safe. It's a time for reflection, unity, and acts of kindness as a way to remember and honour the events of that tragic day.

Emergency Number Day: 

US President Ronald Reagan proclaimed September 11 as Emergency Number Day in 1987. The day was chosen because the numbers 9-1-1 are easy to remember and can be dialled quickly from any phone. The proclamation called on all Americans to learn the emergency number for their area and to be prepared to use it in an exigency. It also encouraged businesses and organizations to post emergency numbers in visible places.

First World Parliament of Religions 1893:

The  First World's Parliament of Religions, convened in Chicago, Illinois, USA from September 11 to 27, 1893, at the erstwhile Permanent Memorial Art Palace, now known as The Art Institute of Chicago. It was the first big interfaith meeting of the representatives of different religions of the world which was organized by the World's Parliament of Religions Association. The delegates of diverse religions delivered their speech on the nature of God, the purpose of life, and the interconnectedness of various faiths. This event was a landmark in Religious history as it laid down the foundation stone for future interfaith meetings, and promoted understanding and respect among different faiths. 

Digvijay Diwas: Swami Vivekanand Speech

Digvijay Diwas is an Indian observance to commemorate the historic speech of Swami Vivekananda at the First World Parliament of Religions in Chicago, Illinois, USA on 11, September 1893. Today is the 125th anniversary of Swami Vivekananda’s Chicago address.

He called for universal religious tolerance and understanding, essential unity of all religions and to respect for the beliefs of others. He also preached the Doctrine of Gita and addressed both the opening and the closing, ceremonies of the parliament. 

Benghazi Attack: US Ambassador Killed on 11 Sept. 2012

On September 11, 2012, the US mission in Benghazi, Libya, came under attack and was set on fire. The assault involved mortar and rocket fire directed at a US diplomatic annexe in the city. Tragically, US Ambassador Christopher Stevens, along with three other American nationals. The attacks were a major security breach and a shock to the international community. It also raised questions about the security of US diplomatic facilities in Libya and other countries.

National Forest Martyrs Day - Khejarli Massacre 11 Sept.

National Forest Martyrs Day is observed on September 11th in India to pay tribute to the Indian Forest Servicemen who have sacrificed their lives while protecting the country's forests and wildlife. The day holds historical significance as it marks the anniversary of the Khejarli Massacre, which occurred in 1730. On this day, Amrita Devi and 363 other villagers from Khejarli, Rajasthan, were killed by the Maharaja of Jodhpur for refusing to cut down khejri trees, which were considered sacred to them.

In 2007 Russia Tests Father of All Bombs:

The world’s most powerful non-nuclear bomb was a thermobaric bomb – it detonated mid-air and used the oxygen in the air to create an explosion. The energy released by the bomb equalled 44 tons of TNT.

Commonwealth Games Open in Kuala Lumpur 1998

The 16th Commonwealth Games were held for the first time in an Asian country Malaysia's capital Kuala Lumpur.

1941 -  US Pentagon construction began

On this day Sept. 11, 1941, the construction of the Pentagon began.

Battle of Brandywine: American War of Independence

On September 11, 1777, the Battle of Brandywine was fought in the American Revolutionary War. British troops under the command of General William Howe defeated Continental Army troops under the command of General George Washington.

10 SEPTEMBER WORLD EVENTS

 World-Historical Events of 10th September : Past & Present

DNA Fingerprinting: Serendipity Discovery by Alec Jeffreys

On September 10, 1984, Dr. Alec Jeffreys of Leicester University, a British geneticist, discovered DNA fingerprinting. He discovered that DNA contains short repeating sequences of DNA called minisatellites. These minisatellites vary in length from person to person, making them ideal for identification purposes. This discovery has had a major impact on forensic science, medicine, and other fields. DNA fingerprinting is used to solve crimes (Forensic Science), identify victims of accidents and disasters and to diagnose genetic diseases (Medical diagnostics), establish paternity (Paternity Testing), and study human migration and evolution (Population Genetics).

Battle of Asal Uttar: The Graveyard Of Pattons Tanks

The Battle of Asal Uttar was a massive three-day tank fight between India and Pakistan that took place from 8 to 10 September 1965, in the Khem Karan sector of Punjab, India. It was one of the largest tank fights in history and helped India to win the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. In this battle, the superiority of Pattons tanks supplied by the USA was tarnished very badly and the victory of the Indian Army, boosted the morale of Soldiers because they destroyed about 100 Pattons tanks with anti-tank guns, mines and air attacks and forced Pakistani forces to retreat.

World Suicide Prevention Day 2023: 10 September

World Suicide Prevention Day, observed annually on September 10th to highlight the global mental health issue of suicide and its prevention. This day focuses on promoting awareness, empathy, and support for those battling with emotions of suicidal thoughts. With suicide rates on the rise worldwide, it is becoming an alarming global public health issue having social, economic and emotional negative effects on our society at large. Suicide can be prevented and its mortality rate can be reduced to a large extent, by creating hope through our actions and spreading the message in our society that we care and want to support those battling with the emotions of suicidal thoughts. The theme for World Suicide Prevention Day from 2021-2023 is “Creating Hope Through Action". The International Association for Suicide Prevention, together with the WHO, declared World Suicide Prevention Day on 10th September 2003.

Hurricane Irma Category 5: Operation Blue Roof

Hurricane Irma caused significant damage in Florida, where it made landfall as a Category 4 on Sept. 10, 2017. It was declared a major disaster by then-US President Donald Trump and several emergency protective steps were taken including direct federal assistance for debris removal and a hazard mitigation grant program. Hurricane Irma’s wind intensity of 185 mph for 37 hours is the maximum intensity maintained by any cyclone across the globe. It was a devastating storm that caused widespread damage, flooding, power outages and loss of life. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers installed more than thirteen thousand temporary roofs as part of Operation Blue Roof to mitigate further damage after the storm.

Treaty of Saint-Germain: Reshaping Europe After World War I

On September 10, 1919, the Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed between Austria and the Allied Powers at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris. The treaty dissolved the Austro-Hungarian Empire and created the Republic of Austria. Austria was also required to cede territory to Italy, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Romania, and was prohibited from joining any military alliance. Austria was required to recognize the independence of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Poland and was required to pay reparations to the Allied Powers. So, the Treaty of Saint-Germain had a big impact on the political shape of Europe after World War I.

Operation Barras: Rescue of British Soldiers in Sierra Leone

On 10 September 2000, the British military conducted a secret raid called Operation Barras in Sierra Leone to rescue a group of British soldiers who had been captured by a local rebel group called the West Side Boys amid the Sierra Leone Civil War. This operation involved special forces, helicopters, and artillery, and resulted in the death of one British soldier and 25 rebels. The operation was praised for its effectiveness and professionalism and ended the threat of the West Side Boys in Sierra Leone.

Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: Adopted by UN

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) was adopted on September 10, 1996, by the United Nations General Assembly. The treaty has been signed by 185 countries, but it has not yet entered into force because it has not been ratified by nuclear-capable countries. This International Treaty aims to ban all nuclear explosions for both civilian and military purposes to help prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and promote global peace and security. and also help to reduce the risk of nuclear accidents that can release radioactive materials into the environment, which can pose a serious issue to human health and the environment. 

African Union Becomes Permanent Member Of G20:

The African Union (AU) became a permanent member of the G20 on September 10, 2021. This is a significant step forward for Africa, as it will give African countries a greater voice in global economic decision-making. The AU's membership in the G20 is also a recognition of the growing importance of Africa's economy.

Guinea-Bissau's Independence from Portugal:

Guinea-Bissau, a west coast African country (Capital-Bissau) gained independence from Portugal on September 10, 1974, after a long struggle for self-determination. This was a significant event in the history of Africa, as it helped to inspire other African countries to fight for their own independence.

Large Hadron Collider: A Scientific Breakthrough

On September 10, 2008, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was first turned on. It is the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator, located at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, near Geneva, Switzerland. It was created to study the fundamental building blocks of matter and the forces that govern them. It discovered the Higgs boson, a fundamental particle in 2008 experiments. It has also been used to study the properties of dark matter and dark energy which constitutes the universe.

Top Trending News Headlines:

1. Alba Baptista: Portuguese Actoress And Chris Evans' Wife:

Actors Chris Evans and Alba Baptista got married over the weekend in an intimate ceremony after dating for more than a year, as per a report in People. She is best known for her role on Netflix's 'Warrior Nun', her English-language debut. Ms Baptista was born in Lisbon, Portugal, on July 10, 1997. According to Elle, she has starred in several Portuguese films and shows, including 'An Impostora', 'Filha da Lei', 'A Criacao', and 'Jogo Duplo'. Ms Baptista's father Luis is an engineer, while her mother Elsa is a professional translator, People Magazine said. The outlet also said that Mr Evans and Ms Baptista started dating in 2021. She is also involved in charity work. Ms Baptists worked at an orphanage in Cambodia in 2018. She is fluent in five languages - Spanish, French, German, English, and her native Portuguese - according to Elle. Alba Baptista is known for her role in 'Mrs Harris Goes to Paris' and has won awards, like the European Shooting Star Award at the Berlin Film Festival and an award for Best Actress at the Festival Iberico de Cine for her role in the short film 'Miami', Page Six said in a report. She has two siblings - brother Renato and sister Ana Luisa Baptista.

2. IInd ODI: England ride on Liam Livingstone's 95 to beat New Zealand:

3. Lucknow weather: Rainfall to continue today; schools to remain closed:

With over 90 mm rainfall in 12 hours, Uttar Pradesh's capital, Lucknow, has recorded the highest downpour – starting in Sunday evening and continued till Monday morning – of this year's monsoon, starting in Sunday evening and continuing till Monday morning. Roads have been waterlogged causing traffic snarls in several important places. The meteorological department has predicted the rainfall may continue till September 12. Meanwhile, the drizzle gave a sigh of relief to people after a hot week.

4. Apple Wonderlust event: iPhone 15, Apple Watch Series 9, Ultra, and AirPods expected:

Apple's eagerly awaited event, known as "Wonderlust," is all set to take place at the company's headquarters in Cupertino, California, on September 12, commencing at 10:30 PM IST. Enthusiasts of Apple are abuzz with anticipation, as the tech giant readies itself to reveal a range of new products, and possibly a few surprises hidden up its sleeve. Among the most noteworthy offerings are the iPhone 15, iPhone 15 Plus, iPhone 15 Pro, iPhone Pro Max, Apple Watch 9, Apple Watch Ultra 2, and AirPods.

5. Elon Musk confirms the name of his third child with singer Grimes:

Elon Musk has confirmed that he has a third child with the Canadian singer Grimes (Claire Boucher). A Twitter post citing the upcoming biography on Musk claimed that Musk’s third child with Grimes is named Techno Mechanicus. However, Musk responded to the post saying it is actually ‘Tau Techno Mechanicus’. Like the other two children, the name seems to be a combination of the interests of both parents. Musk also presented the possible meaning behind the name of the new child. He wrote “Circumference/Diameter”. The general meaning of the word Tau is the ratio between the circumference and radius of a circle. Musk and Grimes have three children together, namely: X Æ A-Xii, Exa Dark Sideræl Musk, and Tau Techno Mechanicus. With the inclusion of Tau, Musk has a total of 10 biological children. The biography of Elon Musk written by Walter Isaacson will be made available on September 12. Many of the excerpts of the book have revealed information about the richest man on the planet and his personal journey which had been shrouded in mystery for the most part. The new book not only talks about Musk's personal life but also his journey as an entrepreneur and businessman.

6. Bengaluru Bandh Updates: Federation of Karnataka State Private Transport Associations calls off strike: Bengaluru Bandh News Live Updates: After transport minister R Ramalinga Reddy assured the private transport unions of trying to meet most of their demands, unions are said to have called off the bandh. Of the 30 demands, the minister has agreed to 27 demands. The decision has been conveyed by S Nataraj Sharma, president of the Federation of Karnataka State Private Transport Associations. Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited is prepared to increase the frequency of Namma Metro operations to manage the anticipated surge in demand. “During peak hours, trains will run every five minutes, and on Monday, these peak hour operations will be extended to accommodate the public. The hope is these efforts will help mitigate the impact of the strike, offering some relief to commuters and students affected by the disruption,” BMRCL executive director Shankar AS said.

7. PM Modi, Saudi Crown Prince hold first strategic meet, discuss energy, defence: Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman held the first Leaders’ Meeting of the Strategic Partnership Council. They discussed various issues, including defence, energy security, and trade and investment. The two leaders discussed various areas of bilateral cooperation, including energy security, trade and investment, defence and security, healthcare, and food security, among others.

8. IRCON International shares zoom 20%: IRCON share price: The stock soared 19.97 per cent to hit a 52-week high of Rs 160.10 over its previous close of Rs 133.45. The multi-bagger counter has zoomed 208.83 per cent in six months and 286.71 per cent in the past year.

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9 SEPTEMEBR WORLD EVENTS

 World-Historical Events of 9th September : Past & Present

World First Aid Day 2023: Anniversary Battle Of Solfernio

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) declared World First Aid Day in 2000 on the second Saturday of September because it was the anniversary of the Battle of Solferino between the French and Austrian empires in 1859, which resulted in thousands of casualties.

Since 2000 World First Aid has been observed annually on the second Saturday of September to raise awareness of the critical role that first aid plays in saving the lives of people during the golden hour of emergency. First aid is a life-saving step that can significantly preserve life, stabilise and ensure safe transportation to the hospital. The Theme of this year's World First Aid Day 2023 is "First Aid In The Digital World" to promote digital platforms such as mobile apps, online videos and online physician consultations which can be utilized in the golden hour of emergency before reaching the hospital.

International Sudoku Day: Celebration Logic-Based Puzzle

The name "Sudoku" comes from the Japanese words "suji" (number) and "doku" (single). International Sudoku Day was created by The World Puzzle Federation in 2013 to promote the game and to encourage people to learn how to play the Logic-Based Number-Placement Puzzle. This day also recognises the benefits of playing Sudoku, such as its ability to improve mental agility and problem-solving skills in our day-to-day life.

Battle of Bzura (1939) : Battle Of Kunto

The Battle of Bzura, which took place near Kutno and Buzra River, Poland, on September 9, 1939, during World War II, between Polish and German forces. It was a crucial turning point in the early stages of the war, as Polish forces, led by General Tadeusz Kutrzeba, attempted to mount a counteroffensive against the invading German Wehrmacht, commanded by General Johannes Blaskowitz. Despite the Polish force's determination, they were ultimately overwhelmed by superior German firepower and tactics, leading to a decisive German victory. The Battle demonstrated the effectiveness of German military strategy and set the stage for the occupation of Poland.

Sachin Tendulkar's First ODI Century: A Cricketing Legend

On September 9, 1994, Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar scored his first-ever century in One Day International (ODI) cricket against Australia. Tendulkar was just 21 years old at the time, and this century was a major milestone in his career. He is considered to be one of the greatest batsmen of all time, and his first ODI century was a major turning point in his career.

Foundation Day of North Korea: Aftermath of World War II

On this day, September 1948, North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), came into existence with Kim Il Sung serving as its inaugural Premier. The Korean Peninsula was fractioned after World War II and due to the persistent Cold War tussle between the USSR supporting the Northern and the USA patronaging the Southern part and natives of the Peninsula the line of the 38th parallel still exists and resulted in the formation of two nations with separate ideologies of communist and socialist.

Independence Day of Tajikistan: Dissolution of USSR 1991

Tajikistan is a landlocked Central Asia country (Capital-Dushanbe) that declared its independence from the Soviet Union on September 9, 1991, following the disintegration of the USSR. This country has been under Russian rule since the 19th century and was later established as the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union in 1929.

Bulgaria Coup d'État 1934: Kimon Georgiev's Rise to Power

On 9 September 1944 in Bulgaria, a coup d'état took place that ousted the government of Konstantin Muraviev just one week after it came to power. The coup successfully replaced Muraviev's government with one led by the Fatherland Front, under the leadership of Kimon Georgiev who became the Prime Minister. He initiated a series of reforms in the Agriculture and Industries sectors. The coup was backed by the USSR and resulted in the establishment of a communist government in Bulgaria. (A Balkan State Capital Sofia).

Attica Prison Riot: Violent Brutality & Prison Reform in US

Attica Prison Rebellion occurred on 9 September 1971, at the Attica Correctional Facility in New York—the Attica Prison Riot. During this incident, inmates seized control of the prison, setting off a four-day standoff with authorities from 9-12 September 1971. The prisoners were united in their demands for better living conditions such as proper food, medical care and educational facilities. On 13 September, State police violently suppressed the riot after a failed negotiation, in 43 persons were killed. It led to the comprehensive prison reform in the United States.

Unix Billennium: A Major Milestone in the History of Computing

The Unix Billennium was celebrated on September 9, 2001, marking the passage of one billion seconds since the Unix epoch, or the time at which the first Unix system was booted up. Unix is a computer operating system that was developed in the 1970s by a group of programmers at Bell Labs. It is a powerful and versatile operating system that is used on a wide variety of computers, from mainframes to personal computers. Unix is also the basis for many other operating systems, including Linux and macOS.

Top Headlines of 9 Sept 2023:

1. ED attaches Rs 3.4Cr. assets in cryptocurrency cheating case:

The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has provisionally attached movable and immovable assets worth Rs 3,43,68,376 in the Morris Coin Crypto Currency Case (a cheating case) under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA). The attached assets include the balance in the bank accounts of Flywithme Mobile LLP (a partnership firm of Nishad K and Hasif K) and the immovable property of Ansari P, an associate of Nishad K.

The ED initiated investigations on the basis of FIRs registered in various police stations against Nishad K and others for cheating people on the pretext of giving high returns of 2-3 percent per day to the investors. The PMLA probe revealed that Nishad K collected deposits from the investors through his various firms such as Long Rich Global, Long Rich Technologies and Morris Trading Solutions in the guise of Initial Coin Offer for the launch of Morris Coin Crypto Currency.

“The money was redistributed to the investors in the guise of profits under a ponzi scheme initially and later the payments to investors were stopped. The profits generated by the accused out of the illegal activity were identified as Rs 54 crore,” the ED said in a statement.

Earlier, the ED had conducted multiple searches across the country on the premises of Nishad K and his associates, and had seized Rs.21 lakh approximately along with various incriminating documents.

Abdul Gafoor, Managing Director of Stoxglobal Brokers Pvt. Ltd and an associate of Nishad K was arrested on March 24, 2022. Movable and immovable properties pertaining to the firms and associates of Nishad K to the tune of about Rs 50.72 crore were provisionally attached and subsequently confirmed by the Adjudicating Authority.

The ED had also filed a Prosecution Complaint or chargesheet against six accused persons in this case before the Special Court, PMLA, Kozhikode on May 21, 2022.

2. Big wild herbivores can protect nature: 

Big wild herbivores like jumbos, bison and rhinos can protect local nature by eating and trampling on biodiversity-threatening invasive plant species, researchers from the Uttarakhand-based Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and Aarhus University in Denmark have concluded after assessing huge data gathered from the world's largest wildlife survey conducted in India.

Regarding native plants, they said, that these have evolved in such a way that they can withstand brutal treatment from species of herbivores they have co-existed with for millennia, while invasive plants usually cannot. Their study is published in the scientific journal, Nature Ecology & Evolution.

The researchers used a battery of 26,838 camera stations and 158,979 vegetation plots to assess the relationships between megaherbivores, native plants and alien plants across India sprawling over 121,330 km2 of area.

The study is based on what the researchers call mega-herbivores, i.e. animals weighing more than one ton. In India, these are elephants, rhinos, wild water buffalo and Indian bison (the largest and heaviest bovine in the world).

However, the researchers also pointed out that the results are also relevant for areas that do not have herbivores quite as large as those in India.

The study demonstrates a positive correlation between the number of mega-herbivores and the balance between native and invasive plant species: Where there are many mega-herbivores, there are also many native plants and fewer invasive plants. Because their large size means that they have to eat a lot. And they are used to eating many different plant species, even species with less nutritional value because they simple cannot afford to be picky. Therefore, they are more likely to include unfamiliar plants in their diet.

The study's lead author, Ninad Avinash Mungi from Aarhus University, however, stressed that "You can easily use a mixture of large, medium and small herbivores. Deer, buffalo, cattle and horses work well together in rewilding projects, and together they can also target different invasive plant species. This also makes efforts more flexible and resilient," he said.

“Megaherbivores, with broad dietary tolerances, could remove large biomass of established plants, facilitating new plant growth…This relationship was strongest in protected areas with midproductive ecosystem and high megaherbivore density but it was lost in areas where thicket-forming alien plants predominated (>40% cover),” said Qamar Qureshi, co-author and senior wildlife expert from the WII.

His colleague from WII and also co-author of the study, Yadvendradev V Jhala added, “by incorporating the role of ecosystem productivity, plants traits and densities of megaherbivores on megaherbivore–vegetation relationships, our study highlights a function of megaherbivores in controlling alien plant proliferation and facilitating diverse native plants in invaded ecosystems.”

The study holds importance for biodiversity-rich countries like India where unchecked growth of invasive plant species is threatening native flora and fauna. The United Nations has designated invasive species as one of the five most important threats to global biodiversity. Invasive species are animals, plants and fungi that are introduced to areas to which they cannot spread themselves, and that also harm native biodiversity.

3. American explorer trapped 3,000 feet deep in the cave:

Rescuers from across Europe rushed to a cave in Turkey on Thursday, launching an operation to save an American researcher who became trapped almost 1,000 metres below the cave’s entrance after suffering stomach bleeding. Experienced caver Mark Dickey, 40, suddenly became ill during an expedition with a handful of others, including three other Americans, in the Morca cave in southern Turkey’s Taurus Mountains, the European Association of Cave Rescuers said. While rescuers, including a Hungarian doctor, have reached and treated Dickey, it could be days and possibly weeks before they are able to get him out of the cave, which is too narrow in places for a stretcher to pass through. In a video message from inside the cave made available Thursday by Turkey’s communications directorate, Dickey thanked the caving community and the Turkish government for their efforts.

Doctors will decide whether he will need to leave the cave on a stretcher or if he can leave under his own power.

Dickey, who had been bleeding and losing fluid from his stomach, has stopped vomiting and has eaten for the first time in days, according to a New Jersey-based cave rescue group he’s affiliated with. It’s unclear what caused his medical issue.

The New Jersey Initial Response Team said the rescue will require many teams and constant medical care. The group says the cave is also quite cold — about 4 to 6 degrees Celsius.

Communication with Dickey takes about five to seven hours and is carried out by runners, who go from Dickey to the camp below the surface where a telephone line to speak with the surface has been set up.

Experts said it would be a challenge to successfully rescue Dickey.

Yusuf Ogrenecek of the Speleological Federation of Turkey said that one of the most difficult tasks of cave rescue operations is widening the narrow cave passages to allow stretcher lines to pass through at low depths.

Stretcher lines are labour intensive and require experienced cave rescuers working long hours, Ogrenecek said. He added that other difficult factors range from navigating through mud and water at low temperatures to the psychological toll of staying inside a cave for long periods of time.

Marton Kovacs of the Hungarian Cave Rescue Service said that the cave is being prepared for Dickey’s safe extraction. Passages are being widened and the danger of falling rocks is also being addressed.

Turkish disaster relief agency AFAD and rescue team UMKE are working with Turkish and international cavers on the plan to hoist Dickey out of the cave system, the European Cave Rescue Association said.

The rescue effort currently involves more than 170 people, including doctors, paramedics who are tending to Dickey and experienced cavers, Ogrenecek said, adding that the rescue operation could take up to two to three weeks.

The operation includes rescue teams from Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Poland and Turkey.

Dickey was described by the association as “a highly trained caver and a cave rescuer himself” who is well known as a cave researcher, or speleologist, from his participation in many international expeditions. He is secretary of the association’s medical committee.

Dickey was on an expedition mapping the 1,276-metre deep Morca cave system for the Anatolian Speleology Group Association (ASPEG) when he ran into trouble about 1,000 metres down, according to Ogrenecek. He initially became ill on September 2, but it took until the morning of Sept. 3 to notify others who were above ground.

4. Powerful earthquake causes damage across Morocco:

A strong earthquake of magnitude 6.8 has struck central Morocco, killing at least 1,000 people, and causing damage in several areas.

The epicentre was in the High Atlas Mountains, 71km (44 miles) southwest of Marrakesh, at a depth of 18.5km, the US Geological Survey said.

It struck at 23:11 local time, followed by a 4.9 aftershock 19 minutes later.

People died in Marrakesh and several areas to the south, the country's interior ministry said.

5. UK PM Rishi Sunak, and First Lady Akshata Murty to visit Delhi's Akshardham temple tomorrow: 

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Rishi Sunak and First Lady Akshata Murty are scheduled to visit the Akshardham temple in Delhi on Sunday.

6. Chandrababu Naidu Arrested in AP Skill Development Corruption Case: 

Telugu Desam Party chief Chandrababu Naidu was arrested at around 6 a.m. from R K Function Hall at Gnanapuram in Nandyala town in an alleged Andhra Pradesh Skill Development Corporation scam, the state police said on Saturday morning. Naidu has been arrested under relevant IPC sections, including Sections 120B (criminal conspiracy), 420 (cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property), and 465 (forgery). In addition, AP CID has also invoked the Prevention of Corruption Act against him. The APSSDC was established in 2016 during the TDP government in Andhra Pradesh. The program focused on the empowerment of unemployed youth by providing skill training. The AP CID started an investigation into an alleged scam worth ₹3,300 crore in March which revealed that the project was initiated without following a proper tendering process, the investigation also uncovered several other irregularities in the program which include no project approval from the Andhra Pradesh cabinet, failure to invest resources of Siemens Industry Software India (a part of the consortium involved in the MoU signed by the TDP government), and funnelling of funds allocated for the project into shell companies.

7. FIBA Basketball World Cup 2023 final: Germany vs Serbia:

Germany shocked the USA in the semis to make their maiden final. Serbia will be contesting their second men's final. German men made it into their maiden Basketball World Cup final after stunning five-time world champions USA 113-111 in the semi-finals. Serbia defeated Canada 95-86 in the other semis to make their second final appearance in the last three editions. The result also means that a new team will be crowned the basketball world champions on Sunday.

8. Russia holds elections in occupied Ukrainian areas:

Russian authorities are holding local elections this weekend in occupied parts of Ukraine in an effort to tighten their grip on territories Moscow illegally annexed a year ago and still does not fully control. The voting for Russian-installed legislatures in the Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions begins Friday and concludes Sunday. It has already been denounced by Kyiv and the West. “It constitutes a flagrant violation of international law, which Russia continues to disregard,” the Council of Europe, the continent’s foremost human rights body, said this week.

8 SEPTEMBER WORLD EVENTS

  World-Historical Events of 8th September : Past & Present

International Literacy Day: The Key to a Better Future

International Literacy Day is celebrated annually on 8th September to raise awareness about the importance of literacy one of the Basic Human Rights that is the Right To Education and to promote the power of literacy as a driver for sustainable development throughout the world.

The theme of this year International Literacy Day 2023 is "Promoting literacy for a world in transition: Building the foundation for sustainable and peaceful societies". This day was declared by, UNESCO on October 26, 1966, and was first celebrated on 8th September 1967.

This year UNESCO has launched the #ImALifelongLearner campaign where one can share their literacy learning story. This campaign emphasizes that the right to education is a right to lifelong learning with no age bars.

World Physical Therapy Day: Importance of Physical Therapy

World Physical Therapy Day is celebrated annually on September 8 to raise awareness of the importance of physical therapy and to give value to the dedicated services provided by physiotherapists to their patients and societies. It also aims to support member organisations in their efforts to promote the profession and advance their expertise.

The day was declared by the World Confederation for Physical Therapy, currently known as World Physiotherapy, in 1996. The day is observed annually on September 8, the date on which the World Conference for Physical Therapy was founded in 1951.

The theme for WPT Day 2023 is "Arthritis: Moving Forward Together". which highlights the importance of physical therapy in managing arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis. Physiotherapists can help people suffering from arthritis by counselling and diagnosis to improve their range of motion, strength, and chronic pain management.

Siege of Leningrad:

The Siege of Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) lasted from September 8, 1941, to January 27, 1944, and was one of the longest and most destructive sieges in history. The German army surrounded the city and cut off all supply lines, forcing the people of Leningrad to survive on starvation rations. An estimated 1.5 million people, including civilians and soldiers, died during the siege. Despite the hardships, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. They fought back against the Germans and eventually managed to break the siege.

Queen Elizabeth II's First Death Anniversary:

Queen Elizabeth II, the longest-reigning British monarch and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history, passed away on September 8, 2022, at the age of 96. Her death was a major event in recent British history and will be mourned by millions around the world.

The Galveston Storm: Deadliest Natural Disaster in US History

The Galveston Storm, also known as the Great Galveston Hurricane, was a Category 4 hurricane that struck the island city of Galveston, Texas, on September 8, 1900. The storm is the deadliest natural disaster in United States history, with an estimated death toll of between 6,000 and 12,000 people.

The Surrender of New Amsterdam: A Major Event in the History of New York City

The Dutch surrendered New Amsterdam to the English on September 8, 1664, without a fight. The English renamed the city New York in honour of the Duke of York, who was the brother of King Charles II.

Launch and Crash of NASA's Genesis Spacecraft:

The Genesis spacecraft was launched on August 8, 2001, and it entered orbit around the Sun in December 2001. The spacecraft was designed to collect solar wind particles and return them to Earth for analysis. The spacecraft spent three years collecting solar wind particles. In September 2004, the spacecraft was supposed to return to Earth in a parachute-assisted landing. However, the parachute did not deploy properly, and the spacecraft crash-landed in the Utah desert on September 8, 2004.

Republic of Macedonia's Independence by A Referendum

The Republic of Macedonia, a landlocked Balkan State whose capital is Skopje, declared its independence from Yugoslavia on 8th September 1991, following a referendum in which 95.5% of voters cast their vote in favour of independence. This country was initially recognized as the "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) due to a dispute with Greece over the name Macedonia. However, the country was renamed North Macedonia in February 2019 after both countries mutually signed the Prespa Accord in June 2018 which, among other things, resolved the decades-long dispute over the Republic of Macedonia's name.

The Pledge of Allegiance: A History of Patriotism

The Pledge of Allegiance was first published in The Youth's Companion magazine in the United States on September 8, 1892. It was written by Francis Bellamy, a Christian socialist minister, as part of a campaign to promote patriotism in schools.

Gerald Ford Pardons Richard Nixon: A Controversial Decision

On September 8, 1974, President Gerald Ford granted a full and unconditional pardon to former President Richard Nixon for any crimes he may have committed while in office. The pardon ended the Watergate scandal, which had led to Nixon's resignation in August 1974. He was the first American president to resign from office.

The Top Headlines of 8th September 2023:

1. Japan launches rocket carrying X-ray telescope to explore origins of universe, lunar lander.

2. Myanmar scribe gets a 20-year sentence

A court in Myanmar sentenced a photojournalist for an underground news agency to 20 years in prison with hard labour for his coverage of a deadly May cyclone's aftermath. The sentence given to Sai Zaw Thaike, a photographer for the independent online news service Myanmar Now, appeared to be the most severe for any journalist detained since the military overthrew the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi in February 2021.

3. Mexico ends federal ban on abortion

A Mexican Supreme Court ruling that invalidated all federal criminal penalties for abortion continued a regional trend of widening access to the procedure but left in place a patchwork of varying state restrictions.

The high court ordered on Wednesday that abortion be removed from the federal penal code, and will require the federal public health service and all federal health institutions to offer abortion to anyone who requests it.

4. Central African Republic faces a humanitarian crisis: UN

Central African Republic is facing a humanitarian crisis with 2.4 million people in need of assistance and the UN's USD 534 million appeal only 36 per cent funded, a UN official said on Wednesday. Mohamed Ag Ayoya, deputy special representative for the UN peacekeeping mission in the country, told a news conference that 10 years of conflict have displaced half a million people within the country while 700,000 have fled to neighbouring countries.

5. Prosecutors seeking new indictment for Hunter Biden

Federal prosecutors plan to ask a grand jury to indict President Joe Biden's son Hunter by the end of the month, according to court documents filed Wednesday. The exact charges the president's son would face were not immediately clear but appeared related to a gun possession charge in which he was accused of having a firearm while being a drug user. He has also been under investigation by federal prosecutors for his business dealings. Defence attorneys have argued that an agreement sparing Hunter Biden from prosecution on a felony gun charge remains in place. It was part of a plea deal on misdemeanour tax offences that fell apart during a court appearance in July. Biden was charged in June with two misdemeanour crimes of failure to pay more than USD 100,000 in taxes from over USD 1.5 million in income in both 2017 and 2018.

6. Trump White House adviser acted above the law

A White House adviser to President Donald Trump acted as if he were "above the law" when he refused to cooperate with a congressional investigation into the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol, prosecutors argued at his trial Wednesday.

7. Sudan's army chief travels to Qatar for talks with emir as conflict rages

Sudan's army chief left for Qatar on Thursday for talks with the country's emir, making his third international trip since fighting broke out between the military and a rival paramilitary force in April, Sudanese state media said. Sudan plunged into chaos almost five months ago when long-simmering tensions between the military, led by Gen. Abdel Fattah Burhan and the Rapid Support Forces, commanded by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, escalated into open warfare on April 15. Burhan planned to hold talks with Qatar's emir, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, in the Qatari capital, Doha, according to the state-run SUNA news agency. Acting Foreign Minister Ali al-Sadiq and Gen. Ahmed Ibrahim Mufadel, head of the General Intelligence Authority, accompanied him on the trip, SUNA said. The visit comes amid a flurry of similar diplomatic meetings convened in Egypt and South Sudan. Burhan held talks about the conflict with South Sudan's president, Salva Kiir, on Monday in Juba.

8. Australia, China open first high-level dialogue in 3 years

Australia and China opened their first high-level dialogue in three years on Thursday in a sign of a slight thaw to relations between countries that have clashed on everything from human rights to COVID-19 origins to trade. On Thursday, Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese also met with China's Premier Li Qiang at the sidelines of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) summit in Indonesia, describing the engagement as positive.

China's and Australia's relations had sunk to low depths during the pandemic. The previous Australian government passed laws that ban covert foreign interference in domestic politics, barring Chinese-owned telecommunications giant Huawei from rolling out Australia's 5G network due to security concerns, and calling for an independent investigation of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In response, China effectively blocked out Australian barley in 2020 by imposing an 80.5 percent tariff, widely regarded in Australia as punishment. China also put tariffs on Australian wine, beef, and coal, as well as other products. China recently lifted the tariff against barley.

9. Catholic convents sheltered Jews during WWII

Researchers have discovered new documentation that substantiates reports that Catholic convents and monasteries in Rome sheltered Jews during World War II, providing names of at least 3,200 Jews whose identities have been corroborated by the city's Jewish community, officials said on Thursday. Researchers from the Pontifical Biblical Institute, Israel's Yad Vashem Holocaust Research Institute and Rome's Jewish community released the findings at an academic conference Thursday held at the Museum of the Shoah, part of Rome's main synagogue.

10. China will send a delegation to North Korea to celebrate its founding as nations foster ties

A Chinese delegation led by Vice Premier Liu Guozhong will visit North Korea to participate in celebrations for its 75th founding anniversary, which is on Saturday, the North's state media said Thursday.

11. Floodwaters in Greece after rainstorms

More than 800 people have been rescued over the past two days from floods in Greece, the fire department said Thursday, after severe rainstorms turned streets into raging torrents, hurling cars into the sea and washing away roads.

The rainstorms have also hit neighbouring Bulgaria and Turkey, leaving 14 people dead in the three countries, including three people in Greece.

6TH SEPTEMBER WORLD EVENTS

 World-Historical Events of 6th September : Past & Present

The Millennium Summit: Addressing Global Challenges

The Millennium Summit was a historic gathering of world leaders held at the United Nations headquarters in New York City from September 6 to 8, 2000. The Summit brought together 189 heads of state and government from across the globe, making it the largest assembly of world leaders in history. The Summit served as a platform for diplomatic discussions, cooperation, and commitments to work together towards a better future for all. It highlighted the importance of international collaboration in addressing the complex and interconnected challenges facing the world. The outcome of the summit is the Millennium Declaration consisting of 8 Millennium Development Goals:

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

2. Achieve universal primary education

3. Promote gender equality and empower women

4. Reduce child mortality

5. Improve maternal health

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

7. Ensure environmental sustainability

8. Develop a global partnership for development

Assassination of William McKinley: A Tragic Event in US History

On September 6, 1901, President William McKinley was shot twice in the abdomen by Leon Czolgosz, an anarchist, at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. McKinley was initially thought to be recovering, but he died eight days later on September 14, 1901, from gangrene. It shocked the nation and led to a wave of anti-anarchist sentiment.

Soviet Union Recognizes Baltic Independence-1991: A Step in the Dissolution of the USSR

On September 6, 1991, the Soviet Union officially recognized the independence of the Baltic States - the northeastern region of Europe containing the countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. This was a significant step towards the dissolution of the USSR, which ultimately occurred in December 1991.

Freedom Day Of Swaziland: Independence Day of the Kingdom of Eswatini

Swaziland gained its independence from the United Kingdom on September 6, 1968. It was a British protectorate from 1894 to 1968. The country was renamed Eswatini in 2018. Eswatini is a landlocked country in Africa continent surrounded on three sides by South Africa and one side by Mozambique.

Israel's Operation Orchard: A Military Strike on a Suspected Syrian Nuclear Reactor

On this day, September 6, 2007, Israel carried out a military strike on a suspected nuclear reactor in Syria. The operation, code-named Operation Orchard, was carried out by Israeli Air Force jets, which struck the reactor in the Deir ez-Zor region of Syria. The operation was controversial, as it was carried out without the approval of the United Nations Security Council. The Operation was a success, and the reactor was destroyed. However, it also led to a deterioration in relations between Israel and Syria.

Neve Shalom Synagogue Massacre: A Deadly Terrorist Attack in Turkey

On September 6, 1986, a group of terrorists opened fire on the Neve Shalom Synagogue in Istanbul, Turkey. The attack killed 22 worshipers and injured 20 others. It was the deadliest terrorist attack in Turkey's history and the first major terrorist attack against Jews in Turkey. The Abu Nidal Organization, a Palestinian terrorist group, claimed responsibility for the attack. The group was founded in 1974 by Sabri al-Banna and is known for its violent attacks against Israelis and Jews, as well as against Arab governments that it considers to be too moderate.

Birth Aniversary Of Johan Dalton: 6th September 2023

John Dalton, the British physicist and chemist who is considered the father of modern atomic theory, was born on September 6, 1766.

First Tank: Little Willie & Development of the Modern Tank

The first tank was produced in England in 1915. It was called the Little Willie, and it was designed by William Tritton and Walter Wilson of the Royal Naval Air Service. The Little Willie was a small, experimental tank that was not very successful. But, it paved the way for the development of more powerful and effective versions of tanks used in World War.

Suai Church Massacre: A Horrific Atrocity in East Timor

On September 6, 1999, a group of pro-Indonesia militiamen attacked a church in Suai, East Timor, which was a place of refuge for the native people who were fleeing the violence. The militiamen surrounded the church and killed more than 200 people, including women and children. The massacre was one of the worst atrocities committed during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor. The massacre took place two days after the results of the independence referendum were announced. The Timorese people had voted overwhelmingly for independence from Indonesia, but the Indonesian military and its pro-integration militias were determined to prevent East Timor from becoming independent.

India Decriminalizes Homosexuality in Landmark Ruling

On this day September 6, 2018, the Supreme Court of India decriminalised all consensual sex among adults in private pertaining to homosexuality legal status in India. It was a landmark ruling that rescinded a British-era law, Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which had made it a crime for "carnal intercourse against the order of nature". It had been also interpreted to include same-sex sexual activity as the offence. The Court judgement was based on the two fundamental rights: the right to privacy and the right to equality which contradicts the provisions stated in Section 377 and violates both of these rights.

Louisa Ann Swain: First Woman to Vote in US

On this day September 6, 1870, Louisa Swain became the first woman in the United States to vote in a general election. She cast her vote in Laramie, Wyoming, where women had been granted the right to vote and hold public office. Swain's vote was a landmark event in the history of women's suffrage in the United States.

Prasar Bharati Corporation: India's Public Broadcasting Organization

The Prasar Bharati Bill was passed in India on September 6, 1990, establishing the Prasar Bharati Corporation, the public broadcasting organization of India with the goal of ensuring that broadcasting in India is free, fair, and impartial. The corporation is responsible for All India Radio (AIR) and Doordarshan, the two national broadcasting networks in India.

The Top Headlines of 5th September 2023:

1. UN food agency drops aid to another 2 mn hungry people in Afghanistan due to cash shortfall: The UN food agency said Tuesday it must drop another 2 million hungry people from food assistance in Afghanistan this month due to a massive funding shortfall.

2. China to deploy most powerful Wide Field Survey Telescope this month: China will soon put into operation a wide-field survey telescope, set to be the most powerful sky survey telescope in the Northern Hemisphere, that will help scientists monitor dynamic astronomical events and carry out the time domain astronomical observation research,

3. Plea seek prevention of Musharraf 6 years ago from leaving the country disposed.

4. Israeli military raid kills Palestinian: Israeli troops killed a Palestinian man during an army raid in the occupied West Bank on Tuesday, Palestinian health officials said, the latest incident in a yearlong wave of violence that has surged to levels unseen in the territory in some two decades.

5. Turkiye, Greece agree to resolve old disputes: The foreign ministers of Greece and Turkiye agreed on Tuesday to revive high-level contacts between their countries and seek “new approaches” to problems as part of efforts to improve ties between the two NATO allies who are at loggerheads over a string of decades-old disputes.

6. HK’s top court rules in favour of recognising same-sex partnerships: Hong Kong’s top court ruled on Tuesday that the government should provide a framework for recognising same-sex partnerships in a landmark decision for the city’s LGBTQ+ community.

7. 50 security forces personnel killed in Bur-kina Faso: More than 50 security forces were killed and dozens wounded during intense fighting with jihadis in northern Burkina Faso, the army said Tuesday. Seventeen soldiers and three dozen volunteer fighters, who assist the military, were killed in Koumbri commune in Yatenga province.

5 SEPTEMBER WORLD EVENTS

World-Historical Events of 5th September : Past & Present

International Day Of Charity: 5th September

Mother Teresa was a nun and missionary who dedicated her life to helping millions of people around the world, including the poor, sick, dying, orphaned, and homeless. Also inspired countless others to get involved in charitable work. She founded the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta (now Kolkotta) in 1950, and her work has been recognized worldwide and was awarded with Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. Her death on 5th September 1997 marked the beginning of the International Day of Charity as the United Nations recognizes the importance of charity in alleviating humanitarian crises and human suffering which fulfil the goal of sustainable development and so designated the 5th of September as the International Day of Charity to honour her legacy. It sensitizes and mobilizes people, NGOs, and stakeholders worldwide to help the poor and the destitute through volunteer and philanthropic activities.

Mother Tressa's Death Anniversary: A Life of Charity and Compassion

Mother Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu well known as Mother Tressa, passed away on 5th September 1997. On this day every year, people all over the world remember her selfless service. Today, 5 September 2023 we observe her 26th death anniversary. She was one of the most admired humanitarians in history, a revered nun known for spending her life for selfless caring for the sick and poor. She was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Macedonia, on August 26, 1910. She dedicated her life to helping the poor and sick and founded the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta (now Kolkotta) in 1950, a religious congregation that now has more than 4,500 nuns working in over 130 countries. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her work undertaken in the struggle to overcome poverty and distress. The Indian government honoured Mother Teresa with a state funeral in recognition of her exceptional service to the poor, regardless of their religious affiliations. The United Nations designated September 5th as the International Day of Charity in her honour.

Pavoloch Massacre: A Dark Chapter in Ukrainian History

The Pavoloch massacre was a mass murder of civilians in the Ukrainian village of Pavoloch during World War II. The massacre was carried out by the German SS in retaliation for an attack by Soviet partisans. An estimated 1,500 people were killed, including women, children, and the elderly. The victims were either shot or burned alive in their homes. The massacre is a reminder of the brutality of the Holocaust and the suffering of the civilian population.

Battle of Turda: Romanian & Soviet Defeat Hungarian & German in Transylvania

The Battle of Turda was a major battle that took place from 5 September to 8 October 1944, in the area around Turda, Romania, as part of the wider Battle of Romania. The battle was fought between Romanian and Soviet forces on one side, and Hungarian and German forces on the other. It was a significant victory for the Romanian and Soviet forces, as it helped to secure their control of Transylvania and opened the way for the liberation of Romania from German occupation. The battle was also a costly one, with an estimated 10,000 people killed.

First Minsk Agreement: 12-Point Plan for Peace in Eastern Ukraine

The First Minsk Agreement was a significant attempt to end the conflict in eastern Ukraine. It was signed on September 5, 2014, in Minsk, Belarus, by representatives of Ukraine, Russia, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the leaders of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and Luhansk People's Republic (LPR). The agreement included 12 points, which addressed the following key issues: Ceasefire, Withdrawal of heavy weapons, Prisoner exchanges, Delivery of humanitarian aid, Political dialogue, Organization of local elections, Determining the interim status of the DPR and LPR. However, the agreement was not fully implemented, and the conflict in eastern Ukraine continued. A revised version of the agreement, known as the Minsk II Agreement, was signed in February 2015. But, this agreement has also not been fully implemented. A Failed Attempt to End the Conflict in Eastern Ukraine. It remains an important document towards a lasting peace in Eastern Ukraine.

Teachers' Day 2023: A Celebration of Hard Work and Dedication of Teachers

Teachers' Day (Shikshak Diwas) is celebrated annually on 5th September in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the first Vice President and the second President of India. He was born on 5th September 1888 in the erstwhile Madras Presidency (now Tamil Nadu) and was also a scholar, philosopher, teacher and Bharat Ratna awardee. The first Teachers' Day was celebrated on September 5, 1962, on his 77th birthday. Teachers' Day is a day to celebrate the contributions of teachers to society and to show our appreciation for their hard work and dedication. In India schools celebrates Teachers' Day by holding cultural events, honouring teachers with gifts and speeches, and organizing role-reversal activities that is students from higher classes take the classes of junior classes. This role reversal helps them to understand the role and responsibility of their teacher. This is a day for students to express their gratitude to their teachers for all that they have done. In our Hindu culture, we also celebrate Teacher Day in the form of Guru Purnima since ancient times. Teachers play a vital role in shaping the lives of young people. They are the ones who teach us the skills and knowledge we need to succeed in life. They are also the ones who inspire us to be the best versions of ourselves. Not only academic point of view, but they also teach us the importance of discipline in one's life, developing good habits and the principles of honesty and morality which overall play a significant role in the upbringing of one's life.

Sperre Aktion: The Mass Deportation of Jews from the Lodz Ghetto

The Sperre Aktion was a mass deportation of Jews from the Lodz Ghetto that began on September 5, 1942. Over 15,000 children, elderly, and ill Jews were rounded up and taken away in a single week. This Aktion profoundly shocked the Jews of the ghetto, who had previously been led to believe that the deportees were being sent to labour camps. The brutality of the Aktion made it clear to many that deportation meant death. The Sperre Aktion was a turning point in the history of the Lodz Ghetto. It was a major step in the Nazi plan to exterminate the Jews of Europe, and it is estimated that over 90% of the Jews who were deported from the Lodz Ghetto perished in the Holocaust.

Sperre Aktion: The Mass Deportation of Jews from the Lodz Ghetto: Sending Back Data from Interstellar Space

On September 5, 1977, NASA launched the Voyager 1 probe from Florida. Voyager 1 is a space probe that is still in operation today and is the farthest human-made object from Earth. It has travelled over 14 billion miles and is now in interstellar space. It has sent back a wealth of data about the planets and other objects in our solar system, and it is expected to continue sending back data for many years to come.

The Benelux Union Formed In 1944:

The union was established towards the end of the Second World War in September 1944 at the London Customs Convention. The leaders of the three countries met in London and discussed their post-war economic strategy. Although the agreement for the union was signed on 5 September 1944, it did not take effect until 1948 when the countries’ economies stabilized from the consequences of war. It was initially referred to as the Benelux Customs Union. The member states agreed on lowering customs duties and import duties, eliminating import quotas, and easing other trade restrictions among the union members.

The Munich Massacre: A Dark Day in Olympic History

On September 5, 1972, a group of Palestinian militants from the Black September terrorist group stormed the apartment of Israeli athletes at the Olympic Village in Munich, Germany. They killed two athletes and took nine others hostage, demanding the release of 230 Arab prisoners being held in Israel. An attempt to free the hostages ended with the death of all nine hostages and five militants. A day of mourning was declared and all the Olympic events were suspended and paid tribute to the members of the Israeli delegation who lost their lives. The Munich Massacre was a dark day in Olympic history. It was a reminder of the dangers of terrorism and the importance of security at major sporting events. The massacre also had a profound impact on the Israeli people and the Jewish community around the world.

Jack Kerouac's On the Road: Beat Generation movement

On 5 September 1957, Jack Kerouac's novel On the Road was first published. The semi-autobiographical novel tells the story of Sal Paradise, a young man who travels across the United States in the 1950s. The novel is considered to be one of the most important works of American literature of the 20th century and is credited with helping to launch the Beat Generation movement. It is a powerful and moving story about the search for meaning and purpose of life, the quest for freedom and self-discovery. The Beat Generation was a group of writers and artists who rejected the conventions of mainstream society. They were influenced by jazz, poetry, and Eastern philosophy, and they often wrote about their experiences of poverty, alienation, and drug use.

The top headlines of 5th September 2023: 

Judge hearing bail pleas of Imran, Qureshi goes on leave

Sunak defends actions over school closures
Gabon’s military leader sworn in as head of state
Africa Climate Summit opens
Russia has likely proposed N Korea to join drills with China
Ukraine’s defence minister resigns
Drone attack on Myanmar police compound kills five people

1 SEPTEMBER WORLD EVENTS

Exploring the Impactful World-Historical Events on September 1st: Past & Present

September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 121 days remain until the end of the year.

1. Pioneer 11: Saturn Exploration and Discovery

Pioneer 11, a pioneering spacecraft, embarked on a historic mission to explore Saturn, one of our solar system's fascinating gas giants. During this extraordinary expedition, the spacecraft ventured within an astonishing proximity of 12,795 miles to Saturn's upper cloud layer. Pioneer 11 identified two hitherto unknown moons and a previously undiscovered ring encircling Saturn, augmenting our celestial knowledge. 

2. National Nutrition Week:

National Nutrition Week is a global annual healthcare initiative first started by the American Diabetes Association in 1973 that primarily focuses on the importance of nutrition through various events. In India, National Nutrition Week is annually observed in the first week of September (1st to 7th September) since 1982 and has turned out to be a great success in checking malnutrition and various diseases associated with lack of proper nutrition.

National Nutrition Week theme 2023 is “Healthy Diet Going Affordable for All.”

3. How the Great Depression Led to the Chilean Naval Mutiny of 1931

The Chilean Naval Mutiny of 1931 stands as a significant event in Chile's history, characterized by a violent uprising of enlisted Chilean Navy personnel against the government led by Vice President Manuel Trucco. This mutiny was a direct response to the severe economic challenges brought about by the Great Depression, compounded by the government's controversial proposal to reduce sailors' salaries.

Spanning three intense days, this mutiny resulted in the government's resignation.  The mutiny is a reminder of the power of the working class and the importance of social justice.

4. Inaugural U.S. Women's Open Golf Championship: A Historic Event

The inaugural U.S. Women's Open Golf Championship was held on 1 September 1946 and was the first time that a women's golf tournament was held as part of the U.S. Open. The tournament was founded by the Women's Professional Golfers Association (WPGA) and was won by Patty Berg.

5. United States Air Force Space Command

The United States Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) was formed on September 1, 1982, by merging the Air Force's Strategic Air Command (SAC) and Space Command. AFSPC is responsible for all space operations of the United States Air Force, including satellite communications, missile warning, and space control. It was formed due to the growing importance of space in military operations. 

6. Uzbekistan Independence Day: A Celebration of National Identity and Sovereignty

Uzbekistan Independence Day is a significant national holiday in Uzbekistan, celebrated on September 1st each year. This day commemorates the country's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union on September 1, 1991. It symbolizes the sovereignty and self-determination of the Uzbek people.

7. World War II Begins: On September 1, 1939, Nazi Germany, under the leadership of Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union invaded Poland, marking the start of World War II. This event led to a global conflict that lasted until 1945 and had a profound impact on the course of history. This act of attack on Poland is also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, War of Poland of 1939, and Polish Defensive War of 1939. 

8. Titanic Wreckage Discovered: On September 1, 1985, the wreckage of the RMS Titanic, the ill-fated ocean liner that sank in 1912 after hitting an iceberg, was discovered by Dr. Robert Ballard and Jean-Louis Michel. The discovery provided valuable insights into the disaster and the ship's condition.

9. Great Kanto Earthquake 1923 Disaster: 

The Great Kanto Earthquake hit Japan's Kanto region on September 1, 1923. It was a massive earthquake, causing lots of destruction, fires, and tsunamis. A death toll was reported in between 100,000 to 140,000. Tokyo and Yokohama were hit the hardest, and after the disaster, the Japanese worked hard to rebuild and make their cities better at handling earthquakes. This event taught Japan the importance of being ready for earthquakes and making their buildings and cities strong. It's an important lesson in being prepared for Natural disasters in places prone to earthquakes.

10. Battle of Yongsan: Turning Point in Korean War
The Battle of Yongsan was a turning point in the Korean War. It was fought between North Korean and United Nations forces from September 1 to September 18, 1950, in and around the Yongsan district of Seoul, South Korea. The UN forces were outnumbered and outgunned, but they held out for 17 days, preventing the North Koreans from capturing Seoul. The battle was a major victory for the UN forces and helped to turn the tide of the war. This Battle was a reminder of the importance of courage and determination in the face of adversity. The UN forces were facing a difficult situation, but they refused to give up. They fought bravely and held out for 17 days, which helped to turn the tide of the war.

11. Hurricane Dorian: Devastated the Bahamas

Hurricane Dorian was a Category 5 hurricane that rapidly intensified as it moved west-northwestward, making landfall on Grand Bahama Island on September 1, 2019, with maximum sustained winds of 185 mph (298 km/h). The hurricane then moved slowly northward, maintaining its intensity for several days. It made landfall on North Carolina on September 6, 2019, as a Category 2 hurricane.

12.. The top headlines of today's date 1 September 2023:
1. Russia Launches Islamic Banking Pilot Program: Exploring Shariah-based Finance.
2. Gabon Military Seizes Power Following Disputed Election: A Series of Coups in West and Central Africa
3. 65th Ramon Magsaysay Awards 2023 Winners List
4. Claire: Newest Indian-origin Minister in UK PM Cabinet
5. US, Indonesia, 5 other nations hold war drills amid China concerns.

6. Jimmy Buffett, the "King of Island Escapism"

Jimmy Buffett was an American singer-songwriter, musician, author, and businessman. He was best known for his music, which often portrays an "island escapism" lifestyle. Together with his Coral Reefer Band, Buffett recorded hit songs including "Margaritaville" and "Come Monday".
Buffett was born in Pascagoula, Mississippi, on December 25, 1946. He began his musical career in Nashville, Tennessee, during the late 1960s as a country artist and recorded his first album, the country-tinged folk-rock record Down to Earth, in 1970. He moved to Key West, Florida, in 1974 and began to develop his signature "island escapism" sound. His 1977 album, Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes, was a commercial breakthrough and included the hit singles "Margaritaville" and "Come Monday".
Buffett went on to release a string of successful albums, including Son of a Son of a Sailor (1978), Volcano (1979), and Caribbean Queen (1984). He also embarked on a successful touring career, playing to sold-out crowds all over the world. In addition to his music, Buffett also wrote several books, including the novels Tales from Margaritaville (1985) and Where Is Joe Merchant? (1992). He also founded the Margaritaville restaurant chain and the Margaritaville Resorts.
Buffett died on September 1, 2023, at the age of 76. He was survived by his wife, Jane Slagsvol, and their three children.