1 AUGUST WORLD EVENTS

August, the eighth month of the Gregorian calendar. It was named after the first Roman emperor, Augustus Caesar, in 8 BCE. Its original name was Sextilus, Latin for “sixth month,” indicating its position in the early Roman calendar. August 1st lands on Tuesday in the year 2023. August 2023 starts on Tuesday, August 1, 2023, and ends on Thursday, August 31, 2023.

There are many important Nationals and International  Days in the month of August which are presented below table:

AUGUST	DAY OBSERVED AS
1st	World Wide Web Day
1st-7th	World Breastfeeding Week
4th	International Beer Day (First Friday of August)
6th	Hiroshima Day
6th	Friendship Day in India (First Sunday of August)
7th	National Handloom Day
9th	Quit India Movement Anniversary or August Kranti Din
9th	Nagasaki Day
9th	International Day of World’s Indigenous People
12th	International Youth Day
12th	World Elephant Day
13th	International Left-Handers Day
14th	Partition Horrors Remembrance Day in India
15th	Independence Day in India
16th	Parsi New Year
19th	World Photography Day
19th	Teej
19th	World Humanitarian Day
20th	Akshay Urja Day
20th	World Mosquito Day
20th	Sadbhavana Diwas
23rd	International Day for the Remembrance of Slave Trade & Abolition
26th	Women’s Equality Day
26th	International Dog Day
29th	National Sports Day or Rashtriya Khel Divas (India)
29th	Onam
29th	Telugu Language Day
30th	National Small Industry Day
30th	Raksha Bandhan
31th	Hari Merdeka (Independence Day Of Malaysia)

The historic iconic personalities who were born in the month of August:

YEAR	PERSONALITY	ACHIEVEMENTS
1961	Barack Obama	First African American President of USA
1958	Madonna	Queen of Pop Singer in America
1950	Steve Wozniak	Cofounder of Apple Computers
1883	Coco Chanel	Fashion Designer and Launch Channel 5 perfume
1865	Albert Einstein	Physicists developed the theory of relativity
1905	Walt Disney	Animator, film producer, and entrepreneur
1929	Audrey Hepburn	Actress, "Breakfast at Tiffany's" and "My Fair Lady"
1943	Aretha Franklin	Singer, songwriter, and civil rights activist
1949	Steven Spielberg	Film director, producer, and screenwriter
1943	Robert De Niro	Most influential actor of his generation
1946	Bill Clinton	President of United States Of America
1928	Andy Warhol	American visual artist, film director, producer,
1930	Neil Armstrong	First person to walk on Moon
1899	Alfred Hitchcock	English Film Director and Producer, Master of Suspense

The death anniversaries of some world-famous personalities occurred in the month of August:

Year	Personality	At Age	Limelight
1959	Judy Garland	47	The Wizard of Oz, Meet Me in St. Louis
1977	Petula Clark	72	Downtown, I Know a Place
1990	John Belushi	33	Animal House, The Blues Brothers
2000	Phil Hartman	49	The Simpsons, Saturday Night Live
2012	Neil Armstrong	82	First Person to walk on Moon
2014	Robin Williams	63	Mrs. Doubtfire, Good Will Hunting

Today's 1 August 2023 top world headline news are:

1. Pakistan Suicide Blast: 

Death toll reaches 54 in JUI-F political convention. Islamic State claims responsibility.

2. Myanmar State of Emergency Extended:

Elections delayed as junta extends emergency for a year.

3. China Imposes Drone Export Curbs:

Cites Ukraine conflict and military concerns, impacting global drone market.

4. Clashes in Palestinian Camp, Lebanon:

Death toll climbs to 9 in Ain al-Hilweh camp, 40,000 refugees affected.

5. Niger Junta Accuses France:

Alleges plot for military intervention to reinstate ousted President. France denies claims.

On this day, in the annals of world history following noteworthy events took place which are significant and affect our present in some way or other:

1. World Wide Web Day: Celebrating Internet's Birth - August 1st

World Wide Web Day is celebrated every year on August 1st to honor the birth of the Internet. It recognizes the amazing information-sharing system invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1991.

 

2. National Mountain Climbing Day: August 1st Celebration

National Mountain Climbing Day is an annual US observance honoring the sport and beauty of mountains, held on August 1st. It originates from the successful ascent of the Grand Teton in Wyoming on August 1, 1898, led by Owen Wister with mountain guides Franklin Spalding and William Owen.

3. Yorkshire Day: Celebrating Yorkshire's Heritage and Traditions - August 1st

Every year on August 1st, Yorkshire Day is celebrated to pay tribute to the historic county of Yorkshire, England. This is a festive occasion that celebrates the rich heritage, culture, and traditions of Yorkshire. People from all over the county gather to participate in various events and festivities to showcase their pride and love for their beloved Yorkshire.

4. World Breastfeeding Week: August 1st - 7th 

Empowering Celebration, Benefits of Breastfeeding for both mother and infants, Maternal Well-being, Healthy Future generation.

5. World Scout Scarf Day - August 1st Celebration 

Commemorating First Scout Camp on Brownsea Island 1907.  Promoting Scouting Movement Unity, Leadership, Adventure, Service.

6. World Lung Cancer Day 2023: "Don't Be a Latecomer to Lung Cancer Screening."

World Lung Cancer Day is annually observed on August 1st to raise awareness of lung cancer and to promote early detection, treatment, and prevention. Early detection of lung cancer is essential for improving survival rates. Screening can help to detect lung cancer at an early stage when it is most treatable.

7. Music Television's Evolution and Global Influence:

In 1981, Music Television (MTV) was launched, introducing a new era in the music industry. The channel's focus on music videos and dynamic Video Jockeys (VJs) quickly captured global attention.

8.  First Female President of Iceland and Global Trailblazer in Women's Empowerment:

In 1980, Vigdís Finnbogadóttir became the world's first democratically elected female head of state as Iceland's fourth president. Her 16-year presidency made her the longest-serving female head of state globally, inspiring women's empowerment and political milestones.

9. Japan Airlines' Founding and Historic Inauguration:

Japan Airlines (JAL) was founded on August 1, 1951, and starts operating since October 25, 1951.

10. Inauguration of 1936 Berlin Olympics by Adolf Hitler:

In 1936, the XI Summer Olympics commenced in Berlin with Adolf Hitler as the host. Initially, there were exclusions based on race, targeting Jews and people of African descent, but their participation was reconsidered after boycott threats. Impressively, 18 African-American athletes, among them Jesse Owens and Mack Robinson, showcased their talents in track and field, earning numerous medals and leaving a profound legacy in Olympic history.

11. Britain Slavery Abolition Act 1833:

In 1834, slavery was officially abolished in the British Empire through the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833. It was repealed in 1998.

12. Colorado Statehood 1876: 38th State of the Union 

In 1876, Colorado officially became the 38th state to join the United States of America, marking an important milestone in American history.

13. Tennessee Election: African Americans Vote for the First Time in the South in 1867   

Imparting voting rights and representation for African Americans during the post-Civil War Reconstruction era.

30 JULY WORLD EVENTS PAST AND PRESENT

On July 30th, various significant events happened throughout history. First, Let's examine the important events from the past, followed by a brief overview of the top most important news headlines. Specifically, we will focus on the major historical occurrences on July 30th during the Modern History era.

1. WORLD DAY AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN PERSON:

The World Day Against Trafficking in Persons is observed annually on July 30 to raise awareness about human trafficking and to promote and protect the rights of trafficking victims, by UN resolution and was first observed in 2014. This year's Theme 2023: "Reach every victim of trafficking, leave no one behind"

2. INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP DAY: 

World friendship day is as known as International friendship day celebrated on 30 July annually since 2011 by United Nations aims to foster peace and harmony among different communities.

3. THE NEW ORLEANS MASSACRE:

The New Orleans Race Riot occurred on July 30, 1866. New Orleans, Louisiana. White supremacists who were opposing the Black Codes attacked Black Americans outside the Mechanics Institute, where the reconvened Louisiana Constitutional Convention was meeting.

4. FLOWERS & TRESS FIRST TECHNICOLOR CARTOON :

Disney's Flowers and Trees was the first cartoon to use Technicolor on 30 July 1932. It was a short film in the Silly Symphonies series and won Academy Award for Best Short Subject Cartoon.

5. ADOPTION OF THE NEW MOTTO OF USA :

The official motto of the United States is "In God We Trust". It was adopted by the U.S. Congress on 30 July 1956, replacing E pluribus unum ("Out of many, one"), which had been the de facto motto since the initial design of the Great Seal of the United States.

6. US FEDERAL GOVT ROLE IN HEALTHCARE:

On July 30, 1965, President Johnson signed Medicare into law at the Truman Library in Independence, Missouri which was a dream of President Harry Truman, who had suggested National Health Insurance for seniors in 1945, but ultimately realized after 20 years.

7. INDEPENDENCE OF VANUATU:

After 74 years of combined sovereignty by France and the United Kingdom, Vanuatu attained independence on July 30, 1980. The country was once known as the New Hebrides, and it was a condominium, which meant that France and the United Kingdom shared authority over the islands.

8. HENERY FORD BIRTH ANNIVERSARY:

Henry Ford was an American industrialist and the founder of the Ford Motor Company. He was born on July 30, 1863, in Greenfield Township, Michigan, United States. He is the most influential figures in the automotive industry.

9. PRETORIA ACCORD:

Pretoria Accord was signed on this day in 2002 between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Rwanda as an attempt to end the Second Congo War

10. JERUSALEM LAW:

On this day in1980 the Israeli Knesset passes the Jerusalem Law and adds it to Israel's Basic Law. The law declared Jerusalem the unified capital of Israel.

11. LOS ANGELS SUMMER OLYMPICS:

The tenth Summer Olympics was officially opened on this day in 1932. This was the second time that the city of Los Angeles was hosting the multi-event international sports meet.

12. TOP  MOST IMPORTANT HEADLINES OF 30 JULY 2023:

• China issues first 'red alert' since 2011 as Typhoon Doksuri brings torrential rainfall in Beijing. 
• China's military conducts live-fire exercises near Taiwan. 
• WHO Monkeypox cases confirmed in 12 countries outside Africa. 

21 July What Happened On This Day In History

 21 July What Happened On This Day In History

1977 - Neelam Sanjiva Reddi was elected as President of India

On this day 21 July 1977, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was elected as the youngest, unopposed, president of India and was sworn in as the sixth President of India on 25 July 1977.

2007 - The last book of Harry Potter Published

The book “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows” was released 21 July  2007. Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by J K Rowling. The young-adult fiction series is about magic and the wizarding world.

1861-The First Battle of Bull Run (called First Manassas by the South) was fought during the American Civil War.

1954-The Geneva Accords were signed on the morning of 21 July 1954. The Geneva Accords effectively divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel.

1960-Politician Sirimavo Bandaranaike became the world's first woman prime minister when she took office in Ceylon (later Sri Lanka).

1967-Albert John Luthuli, president of the African National Congress (1952–60) and the first African to be awarded a Nobel Prize for Peace (1960), died after being struck by a train.

1961-Virgil I. (“Gus”) Grissom became the second American to enter space during Project Mercury.

2011-Atlantis
The U.S. space shuttle program ended, after 135 missions, as the orbiter Atlantis landed at NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida.

1983-Lowest temperature ever measured on Earth
Vostok Station, a Russian station on Antarctica experienced the lowest temperatures ever measured in recorded human history. The temperatures fell to −128.6 °F (−89.2 °C)

27 JULY PAST AND PRESENT WORLD EVENTS

On July 27th, various significant events happened throughout history. Let's first examine the important events from the past, followed by a brief overview of current noteworthy events. Specifically, we will focus on the major historical occurrences on July 27th during the Modern History era.

5. KOREAN WAR VETERANS ARMISTICE DAY:

We observe 27 July annually as Korean War Veterans Armistice Day to remember the service and sacrifice of the millions of people who served in the Korean War. This war was a major conflict in the Cold War between North Korea and South Korea, with the United States and its allies supporting South Korea and China and the Soviet Union supporting North Korea. The war began on June 25, 1950, and ended on July 27, 1953, with an armistice and is often called "The Forgotten War."  Today, July 27, 2023, marks the 70th anniversary of the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement at Panmunjom which result in the creation of a demilitarized zone (DMZ) between the two nations in the Korean Peninsula.

6. BAGPIPE APPRECIATION DAY: 

July 27th is celebrated as Bagpipe Appreciation Day every year. This day is dedicated to honoring the bagpipe, an ancient musical instrument that has been an integral part of Scottish culture for centuries. While bagpipes are commonly associated with traditional Scottish music, they can also be played in various other genres.

7. NATIONAL NEW JERSEY DAY:

National New Jersey Day takes place on July 27 every year. This day celebrates New Jersey being the third state to join the union. The holiday was started by Marlo Anderson (the founder of The National Day Calendar) in 2009 on the recommendation of the government of the state of New Jersey in America.

8. CRPF FOUNDATION DAY:

CRPF Foundation Day is celebrated annually on July 27 to commemorate the formation of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) in 1939. It is one of the oldest and largest Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) in India responsible for maintaining law and order, conducting anti-terrorist operations, and providing security to VIPs and sensitive installations. It was originally constituted as the Crown Representative's Police in 1939, following the political unrest and agitations in the then princely states of India. The force was renamed as the CRPF by an Act of Parliament in 1949. On this day we pay tribute to the brave men and women of the CRPF who have served and continue to serve India.

9. BUG BUNNY:

Bugs Bunny is an animated cartoon rabbit character created in the late 1930s at Warner Bros. Cartoons, who was originally named Happy Rabbit but renamed Bugs Bunny after his original writer, Ben "Bugs" Hardaway. He first appeared in the short film Porky's Hare Hunt (1938), but his definitive characterization debuted in the short film A Wild Hare (1940) on 27 July 1940.

10. INSULIN ISOLATION BY CANADIAN SCIENTISTS:

On July 27, 1921, Canadian doctors Frederick Banting (Surgeon) and Charles Best (Medical Student) working at the University of Toronto under the supervision of J.J.R. Macleod successfully isolated the hormone insulin for the first time. A major breakthrough in the treatment of diabetes, which was previously a fatal disease. Frederick Banting was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923 for his discovery of insulin.

11. TEST FLIGHT OF FIRST COMMERCIAL JET 

On this day in 1949, the de Havilland Comet, a special new airplane, took its very first test flight. It had powerful jet engines that made it much faster than other planes which made it quicker and more comfortable flights for travelers. This was a historic event in the aviation industry.    

12. AUSTRIAN STATE TREATY:

The Austrian State Treaty was a treaty signed on May 15, 1955, that ended the Allied occupation of Austria and re-established Austria as an independent and sovereign state. The treaty was signed in the cold war era by Austria and the Allied Powers  (France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States) at Vienna. The treaty came into force on this day 27 July 1955. This Treaty also put restrictions on Austria's military capabilities and prohibited the use of Austria's territory for military purposes.

13. UGANDA COUP:

On July 27, 1985, a military coup led by General Tito Okello and Brigadier Bazilio Olara-Okello overthrew the government of Ugandan President Milton Obote. The coup was plotted due to government authoritarian rule, economic decline, and the growing power of the rebel National Resistance Army (NRA) under Yoweri Museveni. Obote was forced to flee the country.

14.  ATLANTA OLYMPICS ATTACK:

A tragic terrorist attack occurred during the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. On July 27, 1996, a bomb exploded at Centennial Olympic Park. This devastating incident took the lives of two people and injured over a hundred others.

15. CHICAGO RACE RIOT:

The Chicago Race Riot of 1919 was a violent clash between Black and White people in Chicago. It happened on 27 July 1919 and lasted for a few days. The trouble began at a segregated beach when a Black teenager went into a white-only area was stoned and drowned in Lake Michigan, leading to fights and violence. Many people were hurt, and there was a lot of damage to Black neighborhoods. This event showed how important it is to fight for fairness and equality for everyone.

16. HEAT WAVES CAUSES FOREST FIRE: 27 JULY 2023

Firefighters have scrambled to extinguish blazes in at least 10 countries as a heat wave has swept the Mediterranean region.

In Algeria, wildfires east of the capital, Algiers, this week killed dozens of people and prompted the evacuation of more than 1,500 households; the fires also spread to neighboring Tunisia.

In Croatia, firefighters were still supervising a blaze on Friday that had broken out near the city of Dubrovnik and burned about 1,000 acres, the fire brigade said.

In France, blazes burned on the island of Corsica and led to road closures near the southern city of Nice.

In Greece, hundreds of firefighters have pushed to contain blazes on the mainland and on the islands of Corfu, Evia, and Rhodes. At least four people have died, including two pilots whose plane crashed in a firefighting operation in Evia, and two others after new blazes broke out in western Greece. The new blazes spread to a military barracks on Thursday, causing explosions at an ammunition warehouse, the government said. Scattered fires on the island of Rhodes, which have spurred the evacuation of nearly 20,000 people — the largest in recent Greek history, officials say — were still burning on Thursday.

In Italy, which bore the brunt of the recent heat wave, firefighters in the south of the country said they had responded to more than 1,300 incidents since Sunday, and officials in Sicily said that three people on the island had died in “devastating” blazes this week.

In Portugal, firefighters said they had contained a blaze on Wednesday at a national park in Cascais, a coastal municipality close to Lisbon.

In Spain, firefighters contained a wildfire overnight on Wednesday on the island of Gran Canaria, where about 1,000 acres burned and the region’s civil guard evacuated some residents. A wildfire last week on La Palma, another of the Canary Islands, had burned at least 11,000 acres.

In Syria, fires have raged in the country’s west in a rural part of the Latakia area.

In Turkey, dozens of aircraft and hundreds of firefighters have been responding to blazes in the Antalya region along the Mediterranean coast.

26 JULY PAST AND CURRENT WORLD EVENTS

What happened on 26 July in the annals of History. Many notable world events occurred on this date concerning the present and past. We first take a look at our past chronological important events and at the end, we will describe the current world eye-catching events in brief. First and foremost just look back at the period of Modern History and the major significant world historical events that took place on the 26th of July.

1. POSTAL SERVICES IN THE USA:

The United States Postal Service holds a significant place in American history, having been established on July 26, 1775, by the Second Continental Congress. Benjamin Franklin, a distinguished figure, was appointed as the first postmaster general. Originally created to facilitate communication among the Continental Army, the postal service quickly evolved into a crucial component of the nation's infrastructure.1847 that the first adhesive postage stamp, known as the "Franklin," was issued, featuring a portrait of Benjamin Franklin.

2. BIRTH OF NEWYORK STATE:

On this day 26 July 1788, the Convention of the State of New York, meeting in Poughkeepsie, voted to ratify the Constitution of the United States. With its ratification of the Constitution, New York entered the new union as the eleventh of the original thirteen colonies to join together as the USA.

3. FOUNDATION DAY OF FBI:

On this day July 26, 1908, the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) was founded by Attorney General Charles J. Bonaparte, with headquarters in Washington DC. Its original mission was to investigate violations of federal law, such as bank robbery, interstate commerce fraud, and kidnapping. Now, its expanded mission includes counterintelligence, counterterrorism, and cybercrime. It is also responsible for protecting the President of the United States and other high-ranking government officials.

4. FOUNDATION DAY OF LIBERIA:

Liberia Foundation Day is a special day commemorating the establishment of the Republic of Liberia, which occurred on July 26, 1847. It holds great historical importance as Liberia was the first Independent African Republic. This remarkable achievement was made possible by the efforts of freed African-Americans who were resettled in the country by the American Colonization Society. The President of Liberia addresses the countryman at the National Cultural Center in Monrovia, the capital city, named after James Monroe, the fifth president of the USA.

5. SUEZ CANAL NATIONALIZATION:

The nationalization of the Suez Canal was a major international crisis that took place on this day 26 July 1956. Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal Company, which was owned by British and French shareholders, since its opening in 1869. This led to a military intervention by Israel, France, and the United Kingdom. The joint invasion was successful but it had two major diplomatic aftermaths. Firstly, the Suez Canal was kept under International Control and the withdrawal of the invading forces. Secondly, the decline of the powers of Britain and France in the Middle East. Thirdly, it consolidated Nasser's position in Egypt. Lastly, it led to the creation of the United Nations Emergency Forces to keep peace.

6. SYNCOM 2:

Syncom 2 was the first geosynchronous communications satellite built by the Hughes Aircraft Company and was launched by NASA from Cape Canaveral on July 26, 1963. It was placed in a geosynchronous orbit over the Atlantic Ocean. This allowed it to remain stationary over a point on the Earth, which made it ideal for relaying communications signals. It led the way for the development of global communications networks. It was also used to transmit the first live television images from the United States to Europe. It was operated for over four years until it was decommissioned in 1967.

7. INDEPENDENCE DAY OF MALDAVIES:

On this day 26 July 1965, Maldives gained independence from Britain. The Maldives was a British protectorate from 1887 to 1965 when it gained independence after a long period of 77 years.

8. NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE DISABILITY DAY:

National Independence Disability Day is celebrated annually on July 26 in the US to commemorate the signing of the Americans Disabilities Act (ADA) by President H.W. George Bush, into law on the same day in 1990. The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in various aspects of public life and enabled the disabled to fully participate in society and created equal opportunities for them.

9. KARGIL VIJAY DIWAS:

Kargil Vijay Diwas is celebrated annually on July 26. It commemorates India's victory in the Kargil War of 1999 which lasted from May 6 to July 26, and India defeated Pakistan. The Pakistani forces had infiltrated Indian territory in the Kargil region of the Himalayas. This day also commemorates the sacrifice of India's brave soldiers and pays tribute to them.

10. INS ARIHANT:

India's first nuclear submarine, INS Arihant, marks a significant milestone in the country's defense capabilities. Commissioned on this day 26 July 2016, as the first indigenous nuclear-powered submarine, INS Arihant has bolstered India's strategic deterrence capabilities. Equipped with ballistic missiles, it serves as a potent force multiplier for the Indian Navy. Its development and deployment demonstrate India's commitment to self-reliance in defense production.

11.US REJOINS UNESCO:

The United States has rejoined the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The US withdrew from UNESCO in 2018, citing concerns about the organization's management and financial practices.

12. TOUR DE FRANCE 2023:

Jonas Vingegaard of Team Jumbo-Visma emerged victorious in the Tour de France 2023, crossing the finish line as the overall champion after completing the 21 stages of the bicycle race faster than all his competitors. This achievement cements his position as one of the top riders in the race and adds to his remarkable journey as a competitive cyclist as he retained the Tour de France title having also won the race in 2022.

13. AGE OF CONSCRIPTION REVISED BY RUSSIA

Russia has raised the age of conscription for the compulsory one-year military service from 27 to 30 years as it sought to replenish forces on the frontline in Ukraine. The lower house of the Russian parliament voted for the same and the law also bars conscripts from leaving the country once the enlistment office has sent the draft notice.

28 JULY PAST AND CURRENT WORLD EVENTS

On July 28th, various significant events happened throughout history. Let's first examine the important events from the past, followed by a brief overview of current noteworthy events. Specifically, we will focus on the major historical occurrences on July 28th during the Modern History era.

1. WORLD HEPATATIS DAY:

Every year on July 28, the world observes World Hepatitis Day (WHD) with the common objective of raising awareness about the worldwide impact of viral hepatitis and advocating for significant change. The theme for 2023 is "We're not waiting." The date of 28 July was chosen because it is the birthday of Nobel-prize-winning scientist Dr. Baruch Blumberg, who discovered the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and developed a diagnostic test and vaccine for the virus. Low coverage of testing and treatment is the most important gap to be addressed in order to achieve the global elimination goals by 2030.

2. WORLD NATURE CONSERVATION DAY:

World Nature Conservation Day is observed on July 28 to create awareness about the importance of preserving and protecting the environment and its natural resources. It’s an important occasion to educate people about the challenges of climate change and the necessity of conservation of natural resources.

3. BUFFALO SOLDIERS DAY:

Buffalo Soldiers Day on July 28th commemorates the formation of the first regular Army regiments comprising African American soldiers in 1866. 

4. INDEPENDENCE OF PERU:

Peru was a Spanish colony for over 300 years. The first major uprising against Spanish rule occurred in 1780, led by José Gabriel Condorcanqui, who was known as Tupac Amaru II. The independence movement gained momentum in the early 1800s, and in 1821, José de San Martín declared Peru's independence. The Spanish forces were finally defeated in 1824, at the Battle of Ayacucho. Peru officially became an independent nation on July 28, 1821.

5. PHOTOGRAPHY OF THR FIRST TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE:

The first photograph of a total solar eclipse was taken by Johann Julius Friedrich Berkowski on July 28, 1851, in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia).

6. OUTSET OF FIRST WORLD WAR:

The outbreak of the First World War (also known as World War I) occurred on July 28, 1914, in response to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife, Sophie, in Sarajevo, Bosnia. The assassination was carried out by a Bosnian Serb nationalist named Gavrilo Princip and set off a chain reaction of alliances and conflicts among the major powers of Europe.

7. FOURTEEN AMENDMENTS OF THE USA CONSTITUTION:

The Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution was officially ratified on July 9, 1868. Nearly three weeks later, on July 28, 1868, Secretary of State William Seward issued a proclamation affirming that the Fourteenth Amendment was a fully integrated part of the Constitution, with no reservations.

8. BONUS ARMY MARCH

During the Great Depression, thousands of World War I veterans, known as the Bonus Army, marched to Washington, D.C., demanding early payment of their military bonuses, which were due to be paid in 1945, which were evicted by the U.S. Army from their campsite, causing injuries and public outcry and a poignant event reflecting veterans' struggles of Bonus Marchers.

9. TERMINATION OF ARMED CAMPAIGN BY IRA:

On July 28, 2005, the Ireland Republican Army Council announced the end of its armed campaign which lasted over 30 years to free Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom's rule. The announcement was made in a statement that said - IRA had completely and unambiguously ended its armed campaign and that it would not engage in any future military activity and would support the democratic process and will use its influence to promote peace and reconciliation.

10. THE TANGSHAN EARTHQUAKE:

One of the most devastating earthquakes recorded in history hit an industrial city of China Tangshan. It happened on July 28, 1976, and is known as the Great Tangshan Earthquake. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.5 to 7.8 and caused massive destruction. The death toll was immense, with over 240,000 people believed to have lost their lives, and many others were injured. The catastrophe led to significant advances in earthquake research and preparedness worldwide. The memory of this tragic event serves as a reminder of the importance of being ready for natural disasters.

11. WORLD HEADLINES OF 28 JULY 2023:

 A) NIGER COUP:

In 2023, on July 27th, Niger experienced a military coup led by Colonel Assimi Goita and his team, resulting in the arrest of President Mohamed Bazoum and other officials. This event was widely condemned by countries worldwide, including the United Nations, the African Union, and the European Union. Despite the coup plotters' claim that they will hold elections within 18 months, it remains uncertain if they will follow through with this promise. The coup has sparked concerns about Niger's stability as it is a critical ally in the fight against terrorism in the area. The coup did not receive the support of the majority of Nigerians and is expected to further alienate the military from the Nigerian population, complicating the country's stability. This coup in Niger serves as a reminder of how democracy remains fragile in Africa and highlights the importance of holding free and fair elections. The international community should continue to put pressure on the coup plotters to return to constitutional order and hold elections as soon as possible.

B) Singapore has executed a woman for the first time in nearly two decades. Saridewi Djamani, a 45-year-old Singaporean woman, was convicted in 2018 of trafficking more than 30 grams of heroin. She is the first woman to be hanged since 2004.

29 JULY PAST AND PRESENT WPRLD EVENTS:

On July 29th, various significant events happened throughout history. Let's first examine the important events from the past, followed by a brief overview of current noteworthy events. Specifically, we will focus on the major historical occurrences on July 29th during the Modern History era.

1. GLOBAL TIGER DAY:

Every year on July 29th, people around the world celebrate Global Tiger Day to raise awareness about the endangered big cat. The day was established in 2010 by the 13 tiger range countries to create Tx2, a global goal to double the number of wild tigers by 2022. Ajitora is a mascot spreading the Tx2 message of doubling the number of tigers.

2. NATIONAL CHALLENGED CHAMPIONS & HEROES AWARENESS DAY:

National Challenged Champions and Heroes Awareness Day is observed in the United States each year on July 29. It is a day to honor and recognize the disabled and their caregivers and put into action the idea of treating others as you would want to be treated and highlight the abilities of these champions, not their disabilities.

3. PADDLE FOR PERTHES DISEASE AWARENESS DAY:

Every year on the last Saturday of July, Paddle for Perthes Disease Awareness Day is observed and this year, the event will be held on July 29th, 2023. Perthes disease, also known as Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (L.C.P.D.), is a hip disease that affects children. It happens when the blood flow to the hip bone is interrupted, causing the bones to break easily and not heal properly. To celebrate this special day, a paddling event is organized each year. Paddling is a great way to raise awareness because it doesn't require the use of the legs, so even those affected by the disease can participate. The first and original event Paddle for Perthes Disease Awareness Day was posted via Twitter and Facebook in 2010.

4. INAUGURATION OF ARC DE TRIOMPHE:

The Arc de Triomphe was inaugurated in Paris, France on July 29, 1836. It was commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1806, after his victory at the Battle of Austerlitz, to celebrate the French armies' military achievements. It is located at the western end of the Champs-Elysees and was designed by Jean-Francois-Therese Chalgrin.

5. SUMMER OLYMPICS AFTER WORLD WAR II:

In 1948, XIV Olympics were held in London after a 12-year pause caused by World War II. The Games showcased the human spirit's resilience and promoted unity and friendship among athletes from different countries. Although post-war challenges remained, sport symbolized hope for a peaceful future. As a celebration of global friendship and unity, the 1948 Olympics will be remembered forever. The last Summer Olympics was held in Berlin in 1936.

6. ESTABLISHMENT OF IAEA:

The IAEA, which was established on July 29, 1957, is an international organization that was created in response to U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" initiative in 1953. Its mission is to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy while preventing the spread of nuclear weapons. The IAEA is headquartered in Vienna, Austria, and operates under the auspices of the United Nations.

7. WEDDING OF PRINCE OF WALES:

The marital union of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer was celebrated on July 29, 1981, at St. Paul's Cathedral in London. The event was widely viewed by millions across the globe. Unfortunately, their marriage encountered difficulties and was ultimately dissolved in 1996.

8. US CONGRESS APOLOGY FOR SLAVERY SYSTEM:

On this day 29 July 2008, the United States Congress apologized for slavery. The apology aimed to recognize the suffering of enslaved African Americans throughout history and promote reconciliation.

9. FOUNDATION OF IACS:

The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) was founded in India on 29 July 1876. It is a prestigious research institution that contributes to various scientific fields and promotes research and education in the country.

10. NAZI PARTY LEADER:

Adolf Hitler who joined the Nazi Party (Nationalist Socialist German Workers' Party) in 1919 became its leader on July 29, 1921.

11. NASA ACT PASSED BY USA LEGISLATION:

On July 29, 1958, the NASA Act was signed into law by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, which led to the creation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration - a US civilian autonomous space agency responsible for overseeing space exploration and aeronautics research which was formed as a response to the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

12. VALORA PROCLAMATION:

The Vlora Proclamation, read by Ismail Qemali on July 29, 1912, announced Albania's independence from the Ottoman Empire, kindling a spirit of national pride and unity among the Albanian people.

13. BIRTH ANNIVERSARY-DAGHAMMARSKJOLD:

The Swedish economist and statesman Dag Hammarskjöld was born on this day in 1899. He was the second secretary-general of the United Nations (1953–61) and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1961.

14. TREATY OF AMITY AND COMMERCE:

Townsend Harris, an American diplomat, secured the Harris Treaty on this date 29 July 1858, granting the United States trade and diplomatic privileges in Japan, ending Japan's isolation, and fostering international interactions.

15. BIRTH ANNIVERSARY OF ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE:

On this day 29 July 1805, Alexis de Tocqueville, a French political scientist, historian, and politician, was born who was most renowned for his influential work "Democracy in America," published in four volumes.

16. CURRENT NEWS OF 29 JULY 2O23: 

Russia has been using a variety of tactics to cut off Ukraine's grain exports, including:

1. Blockading Ukrainian ports. Russia has been blockading Ukrainian ports in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, preventing ships from carrying grain out of the country. This has caused a global shortage of grain and has raised the risk of food shortages in some countries.

2. Destroying grain infrastructure. Russia has been destroying grain silos, elevators, and other infrastructure in Ukraine. This has made it difficult for farmers to store and transport grain and has further hampered exports.

3. Stealing grain. Russia has been accused of stealing grain from Ukrainian farms. This grain is then being sold on the black market, or being taken to Russia.

These tactics have had a devastating impact on Ukraine's grain exports. In 2021, Ukraine exported 44.7 million tonnes of grain. However, in 2022, exports are expected to be less than half of that amount. This will have a significant impact on the global food supply and could lead to food shortages in some countries.

In addition to the economic impact, Russia's blockade of Ukrainian ports is also having a humanitarian impact. Millions of people in Ukraine rely on grain for food, and the blockade is making it difficult for them to get the food they need.

The United Nations has called on Russia to end its blockade of Ukrainian ports and to allow grain exports to resume. However, Russia has so far refused to do so.

The impact of Russia's blockade of Ukrainian ports is likely to be felt for months, or even years to come. It is a clear example of how Russia is using food as a weapon of war.