WORLD EVENTS ON 28 JUNE

The followings are the highlights of the important events that took pace on 28 June in the annals of the history:

On this day we celebrate birth anniversary of the following personalities:

1. Muhammad Yunus Bangladeshi economist, Nobel Prize laureate:

Muhammad Yunus was born on June 28, 1940, Chittagong, East Bengal now Bangladesh.

The microfinance movement was started off by him with the vision "To eradicate poverty from the world". Muhammad Yunus, the Bangladeshi economist, widely known as the Father of Microfinance founded the Grameen Bank to make small loans to the poor in Bangladesh. Microfinance or Micro credit means small loans to poor people possessing no collateral.

Dr Yunus was greatly influenced by his mother who was known to never turn away anyone in need. The famine that hit Bangladesh in 1974 pushed him to do something about poverty. During his visits to the poorest households in the village of Jobra, he realised that a small loan can make a big difference to a poor person. He made his first loan to 42 women in the village, with just USD $27 from his own pocket. With this money, the women were able to make baskets, sell them and quickly repay the money they borrowed from him. He began to see that small loans would not only help them survive, but create in them the spark of enterprise and this could empower them and pull them out of poverty.

The success of the Grameen microfinance model has inspired hundreds of countries throughout the world, including the USA. Grameen Bank and Dr Yunus jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006.

2. Mel Brooks,American Actor,director, producer,writer: 

He was born on June 28, 1926, in Brooklyn, New York. He is an American filmmaker, comedian, actor, and composer who has had a significant impact on the entertainment industry.  Brooks is renowned for his comedic talents and his ability to parody various film genres.

3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Swiss philosopher, polymath:

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born on June 28, 1712, Geneva, Switzerland and Swiss-born philosopher, writer, and political theorist whose treatises and novels inspired the leaders of the French Revolution and the Romantic generation.He died July 2, 1778, Ermenonville, France.

4. Peter Paul Rubens Flemish painter:

Peter Paul Rubens was born on June 28, 1577, Siegen, Nassau, Westphalia Germany.He was the greatest exponent of Baroque painting’s dynamism, vitality, and sensuous exuberance. Though his masterpieces include portraits and landscapes. He is perhaps best known for his religious and mythological compositions. He died on May 30, 1640, Antwerp, Spanish Netherlands, now in Belgium.

5. Henry VIII of England 1491: 

Henry VIII, was on born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, England and was died January 28, 1547, London. He was the king of England (1509–47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English. He ascended to the throne in 1509, at the age of 18. His early reign was marked by youthful exuberance and a desire for glory. He implemented legal reforms, established a centralized navy, and supported exploration, which resulted in voyages of discovery to new lands.

On this day of 28 June we remember the death anniversay of these personalities:

 

1. James Madison, American politician, 4th President of the United States:

James Madison, America’s fourth President (1809-1817), made a major contribution to the ratification of the Constitution by writing The Federalist Papers, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. In later years, he was referred to as the “Father of the Constitution".

James Madison in full James Madison, Jr. He was born on March 16, 1751, Port Conway, Virginia, USA. He is one of the Founding Fathers of his country. At the Constitutional Convention (1787), he influenced the planning and ratification of the U.S. Constitution and collaborated with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay in the publication of the Federalist papers. As a member of the new House of Representatives, he sponsored the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, commonly called the Bill of Rights. He was secretary of state under President Thomas Jefferson when the Louisiana Territory was purchased from France. The War of 1812 was fought during his presidency. He died  died June 28, 1836, Montpelier, Virginia, USA.

2. Black Mike:

"Mickey" Cochrane  was born on April 6,1903, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, U.S., nicknamed as "Black Mike", was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Philadelphia Athletics and Detroit Tigers. Cochrane was considered one of the best catchers in baseball history and is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame. He died on June 28, 1962, Lake Forest, Illinois, U.S at the age of 59.

3. Rod Serling screenwriter, producer, created The Twilight Zone:

Rodman Edward Serling was an American screenwriter, playwright, television producer, and narrator/on-screen host, best known for his live television dramas of the 1950s and his anthology television series The Twilight Zone. Rod Serling was born on December 25, 1924,in Syracuse, New York, U.S. He had recieved multiple Emmy Awards for his exceptional storytelling abilities.He passed away on June 28, 1975, Rochester, New York, US due to deteriorating health at the age 50.

3. Terry Fox : Canadian athlete, activist

Terrance Stanley Fox was a Canadian athlete, humanitarian, and cancer research activist. In 1980, with one leg having been amputated due to cancer, he embarked on an east-to-west cross-Canada run to raise money and awareness for cancer research. He was on born July 28, 1958, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. As a activist he became a national hero and an inspirational figure for his battle against cancer. Through his Marathon of Hope event, a race across Canada, he raised millions of dollars for cancer research.  

His run, which he called the Marathon of Hope, began in St. John’s, Newfoundland, on April 12, 1980. Initially Fox did not receive much attention or money, but that changed as he continued to run, covering up to 30 miles (48 km) per day. Fox passed the halfway point in eastern Ontario, but on September 1, 1980, chest pains forced him to stop just outside the city of Thunder Bay. It was soon discovered that the cancer had spread to his lungs, and he was unable to continue. By that time Fox had covered 3,339 miles (5,374 km) and had raised some $1.7 million (Canadian). In early 1981 the Marathon of Hope surpassed Fox’s goal of $24 million in donations.

Despite undergoing numerous treatments, Fox died on June 28, 1981, New Westminster, British Columbia. Prior to his death, the government had made him the youngest ever Companion of the Order of Canada, and he was twice named Canadian of the Year. Terry Fox Runs, which are organized by the Terry Fox Foundation, are held annually in cities throughout Canada and other countries.

5. Mortimer J. Adler American philosopher, author:

Mortimer J. Adler was an American author, educator, and philosopher who championed the repopularization of the Great Books and Great Ideas curriculum of study. He was born December 28, 1902 in New York City. He was A prolific scholar, he was the author or editor of more than fifty books, including editions of the Encyclopedia Britannica. His Synopticon was an exhaustive index of the most significant ideas put forth within Western Civilization. Other highly influential books included How to Read a Book (1940) and How to Think About War and Peace (1944). Deemed controversial and somewhat eccentric for his zealous classics-based approach to education, Adler was a world federalist and an idealist who described his most influences as Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas.

Dr. Adler believed that the ordinary citizen had what might be called a philosophical duty to think clearly and exercise free will wisely. To promote this goal, he helped devise the Great Books program, a course of study in classic Western literary and philosophical texts. He also wrote many books on the humanities and philosophy aimed at the general reader, including ''How to Read a Book,'' ''The Angels and Us,'' ''Aristotle for Everybody'' and ''Six Great Ideas.''

1967 Israel annexes East Jerusalem:

From Israel's point of view, the annexation effected the reunification of its capital city. However, the international community declared it illegal and views East Jerusalem as Palestinian territory occupied by Israel.

1939 The world's first scheduled transatlantic flight takes off:

The Boeing 314 Clipper flying boat was operated by Pan Am. It took about 24 hours to reach Marseille, France. The scheduled service was soon discontinued again because of the outbreak of World War II.

1914 Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife Sophie are assassinated: 

On this day in 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his consort, Sophie, were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, Bosnia, precipitating the outbreak of World War I.

1846 The saxophone is patented:

Belgian musician Adolphe Sax developed the woodwind instrument typically made of brass, which in recent decades has heavily influenced the sound of the jazz, military band, rock, and pop musical genres.

Coronation of Queen Victoria:

On this day in 1838, Queen Victoria of Britain was crowned at Westminster Abbey in London. Her 63-year and 7-month reign, also known as the Victorian era, was the longest ever by a British monarch. Within the United Kingdom, it was a time of significant industrial, political, scientific, and military development, and the British Empire significantly expanded during this time. She was given the extra title of Empress of India by a decision of the British Parliament in 1876.

1883 The first European central electric power station was inaugurated in Milan, Italy.

1884 The Norwegian Association for the Rights of Women was established.

1895 The Central American Union of El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua was formed.

1919 The Treaty of Versay:

The treaty ends the war situation between Germany and the Allies, has been signed. The Treaty of Versay was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. This ended the battle situation between Germany and Germany. Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the murder of Arcadeuk Franz Ferdinand. Other central powers on the German side of the First World War were dealt with in different treaties.

1926 The Mercedes-Benz:

The Mercedes-Benz was formed by Gotlib Damler and Carl Benz combining two of their companies. Carl Frederick Benz was a German engine designer and engineer, usually considered the inventor of the first automobile operated by the internal combustion engine. Gotlib Wilhelme Daimler was an engineer, industrial designer and industrialist.

1942 Second World War: 

Nazi Germany started its strategic summer invasion against the Soviet Union, named Case Blue. The Red Army seems to stop the invincible German army in the battle of unusually harsh winter aided Moscow. The battle of Stalingrad, which lasted from the end of 1942 to the early 1943, gave a serious blow to the Germans, causing them to never fully recover and became a significant turn in the war.

1965 The first commercial satellite Early Bird Intelsat I started a communication service.


1981 China opened the road to Kailash and Mansarovar:

Kailash Mansarovar Yatra Route Reopend

The Lipulekh pass (Uttarakhand) was used for the  Kailash Mansarovar Yatra widely till 1962 but was closed after the China Indo war in 1962. It reopened as a part of confidence building measures between the two countries on 28 June 1981.

The Nathuka pass (Sikkim) was also opened for the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra on 22 Jun 2015 which is less streneous because the trekking time is reduced with the part of the journey on Chinese side is conducted by the bus services and can be completed in 19 days.

Stonewall Riots: 

The Stonewall Riots, a series of spontaneous demonstrations by members of the LGBTQ+ community, began on June 28, 1969, in New York City. These riots were a significant turning point in the fight for LGBTQ+ rights and are widely regarded as the catalyst for the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement.The Stonewall riots, also known as the Stonewall uprising, Stonewall rebellion, or simply Stonewall, were a series of spontaneous protests by members of the gay community[note 1] in response to a police raid that began in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969 to 3 July 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City. Patrons of the Stonewall, other Village lesbian and gay bars, and neighborhood street people fought back when the police became violent. The riots are widely considered the watershed event that transformed the gay liberation movement and the twentieth-century fight for LGBT rights in the United States.