WORLD EVENTS ON 28 JUNE

The followings are the highlights of the important events that took pace on 28 June in the annals of the history:

On this day we celebrate birth anniversary of the following personalities:

1. Muhammad Yunus Bangladeshi economist, Nobel Prize laureate:

Muhammad Yunus was born on June 28, 1940, Chittagong, East Bengal now Bangladesh.

The microfinance movement was started off by him with the vision "To eradicate poverty from the world". Muhammad Yunus, the Bangladeshi economist, widely known as the Father of Microfinance founded the Grameen Bank to make small loans to the poor in Bangladesh. Microfinance or Micro credit means small loans to poor people possessing no collateral.

Dr Yunus was greatly influenced by his mother who was known to never turn away anyone in need. The famine that hit Bangladesh in 1974 pushed him to do something about poverty. During his visits to the poorest households in the village of Jobra, he realised that a small loan can make a big difference to a poor person. He made his first loan to 42 women in the village, with just USD $27 from his own pocket. With this money, the women were able to make baskets, sell them and quickly repay the money they borrowed from him. He began to see that small loans would not only help them survive, but create in them the spark of enterprise and this could empower them and pull them out of poverty.

The success of the Grameen microfinance model has inspired hundreds of countries throughout the world, including the USA. Grameen Bank and Dr Yunus jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006.

2. Mel Brooks,American Actor,director, producer,writer: 

He was born on June 28, 1926, in Brooklyn, New York. He is an American filmmaker, comedian, actor, and composer who has had a significant impact on the entertainment industry.  Brooks is renowned for his comedic talents and his ability to parody various film genres.

3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Swiss philosopher, polymath:

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born on June 28, 1712, Geneva, Switzerland and Swiss-born philosopher, writer, and political theorist whose treatises and novels inspired the leaders of the French Revolution and the Romantic generation.He died July 2, 1778, Ermenonville, France.

4. Peter Paul Rubens Flemish painter:

Peter Paul Rubens was born on June 28, 1577, Siegen, Nassau, Westphalia Germany.He was the greatest exponent of Baroque painting’s dynamism, vitality, and sensuous exuberance. Though his masterpieces include portraits and landscapes. He is perhaps best known for his religious and mythological compositions. He died on May 30, 1640, Antwerp, Spanish Netherlands, now in Belgium.

5. Henry VIII of England 1491: 

Henry VIII, was on born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, England and was died January 28, 1547, London. He was the king of England (1509–47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English. He ascended to the throne in 1509, at the age of 18. His early reign was marked by youthful exuberance and a desire for glory. He implemented legal reforms, established a centralized navy, and supported exploration, which resulted in voyages of discovery to new lands.

On this day of 28 June we remember the death anniversay of these personalities:

 

1. James Madison, American politician, 4th President of the United States:

James Madison, America’s fourth President (1809-1817), made a major contribution to the ratification of the Constitution by writing The Federalist Papers, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. In later years, he was referred to as the “Father of the Constitution".

James Madison in full James Madison, Jr. He was born on March 16, 1751, Port Conway, Virginia, USA. He is one of the Founding Fathers of his country. At the Constitutional Convention (1787), he influenced the planning and ratification of the U.S. Constitution and collaborated with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay in the publication of the Federalist papers. As a member of the new House of Representatives, he sponsored the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, commonly called the Bill of Rights. He was secretary of state under President Thomas Jefferson when the Louisiana Territory was purchased from France. The War of 1812 was fought during his presidency. He died  died June 28, 1836, Montpelier, Virginia, USA.

2. Black Mike:

"Mickey" Cochrane  was born on April 6,1903, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, U.S., nicknamed as "Black Mike", was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Philadelphia Athletics and Detroit Tigers. Cochrane was considered one of the best catchers in baseball history and is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame. He died on June 28, 1962, Lake Forest, Illinois, U.S at the age of 59.

3. Rod Serling screenwriter, producer, created The Twilight Zone:

Rodman Edward Serling was an American screenwriter, playwright, television producer, and narrator/on-screen host, best known for his live television dramas of the 1950s and his anthology television series The Twilight Zone. Rod Serling was born on December 25, 1924,in Syracuse, New York, U.S. He had recieved multiple Emmy Awards for his exceptional storytelling abilities.He passed away on June 28, 1975, Rochester, New York, US due to deteriorating health at the age 50.

3. Terry Fox : Canadian athlete, activist

Terrance Stanley Fox was a Canadian athlete, humanitarian, and cancer research activist. In 1980, with one leg having been amputated due to cancer, he embarked on an east-to-west cross-Canada run to raise money and awareness for cancer research. He was on born July 28, 1958, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. As a activist he became a national hero and an inspirational figure for his battle against cancer. Through his Marathon of Hope event, a race across Canada, he raised millions of dollars for cancer research.  

His run, which he called the Marathon of Hope, began in St. John’s, Newfoundland, on April 12, 1980. Initially Fox did not receive much attention or money, but that changed as he continued to run, covering up to 30 miles (48 km) per day. Fox passed the halfway point in eastern Ontario, but on September 1, 1980, chest pains forced him to stop just outside the city of Thunder Bay. It was soon discovered that the cancer had spread to his lungs, and he was unable to continue. By that time Fox had covered 3,339 miles (5,374 km) and had raised some $1.7 million (Canadian). In early 1981 the Marathon of Hope surpassed Fox’s goal of $24 million in donations.

Despite undergoing numerous treatments, Fox died on June 28, 1981, New Westminster, British Columbia. Prior to his death, the government had made him the youngest ever Companion of the Order of Canada, and he was twice named Canadian of the Year. Terry Fox Runs, which are organized by the Terry Fox Foundation, are held annually in cities throughout Canada and other countries.

5. Mortimer J. Adler American philosopher, author:

Mortimer J. Adler was an American author, educator, and philosopher who championed the repopularization of the Great Books and Great Ideas curriculum of study. He was born December 28, 1902 in New York City. He was A prolific scholar, he was the author or editor of more than fifty books, including editions of the Encyclopedia Britannica. His Synopticon was an exhaustive index of the most significant ideas put forth within Western Civilization. Other highly influential books included How to Read a Book (1940) and How to Think About War and Peace (1944). Deemed controversial and somewhat eccentric for his zealous classics-based approach to education, Adler was a world federalist and an idealist who described his most influences as Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas.

Dr. Adler believed that the ordinary citizen had what might be called a philosophical duty to think clearly and exercise free will wisely. To promote this goal, he helped devise the Great Books program, a course of study in classic Western literary and philosophical texts. He also wrote many books on the humanities and philosophy aimed at the general reader, including ''How to Read a Book,'' ''The Angels and Us,'' ''Aristotle for Everybody'' and ''Six Great Ideas.''

1967 Israel annexes East Jerusalem:

From Israel's point of view, the annexation effected the reunification of its capital city. However, the international community declared it illegal and views East Jerusalem as Palestinian territory occupied by Israel.

1939 The world's first scheduled transatlantic flight takes off:

The Boeing 314 Clipper flying boat was operated by Pan Am. It took about 24 hours to reach Marseille, France. The scheduled service was soon discontinued again because of the outbreak of World War II.

1914 Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife Sophie are assassinated: 

On this day in 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his consort, Sophie, were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, Bosnia, precipitating the outbreak of World War I.

1846 The saxophone is patented:

Belgian musician Adolphe Sax developed the woodwind instrument typically made of brass, which in recent decades has heavily influenced the sound of the jazz, military band, rock, and pop musical genres.

Coronation of Queen Victoria:

On this day in 1838, Queen Victoria of Britain was crowned at Westminster Abbey in London. Her 63-year and 7-month reign, also known as the Victorian era, was the longest ever by a British monarch. Within the United Kingdom, it was a time of significant industrial, political, scientific, and military development, and the British Empire significantly expanded during this time. She was given the extra title of Empress of India by a decision of the British Parliament in 1876.

1883 The first European central electric power station was inaugurated in Milan, Italy.

1884 The Norwegian Association for the Rights of Women was established.

1895 The Central American Union of El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua was formed.

1919 The Treaty of Versay:

The treaty ends the war situation between Germany and the Allies, has been signed. The Treaty of Versay was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. This ended the battle situation between Germany and Germany. Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the murder of Arcadeuk Franz Ferdinand. Other central powers on the German side of the First World War were dealt with in different treaties.

1926 The Mercedes-Benz:

The Mercedes-Benz was formed by Gotlib Damler and Carl Benz combining two of their companies. Carl Frederick Benz was a German engine designer and engineer, usually considered the inventor of the first automobile operated by the internal combustion engine. Gotlib Wilhelme Daimler was an engineer, industrial designer and industrialist.

1942 Second World War: 

Nazi Germany started its strategic summer invasion against the Soviet Union, named Case Blue. The Red Army seems to stop the invincible German army in the battle of unusually harsh winter aided Moscow. The battle of Stalingrad, which lasted from the end of 1942 to the early 1943, gave a serious blow to the Germans, causing them to never fully recover and became a significant turn in the war.

1965 The first commercial satellite Early Bird Intelsat I started a communication service.


1981 China opened the road to Kailash and Mansarovar:

Kailash Mansarovar Yatra Route Reopend

The Lipulekh pass (Uttarakhand) was used for the  Kailash Mansarovar Yatra widely till 1962 but was closed after the China Indo war in 1962. It reopened as a part of confidence building measures between the two countries on 28 June 1981.

The Nathuka pass (Sikkim) was also opened for the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra on 22 Jun 2015 which is less streneous because the trekking time is reduced with the part of the journey on Chinese side is conducted by the bus services and can be completed in 19 days.

Stonewall Riots: 

The Stonewall Riots, a series of spontaneous demonstrations by members of the LGBTQ+ community, began on June 28, 1969, in New York City. These riots were a significant turning point in the fight for LGBTQ+ rights and are widely regarded as the catalyst for the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement.The Stonewall riots, also known as the Stonewall uprising, Stonewall rebellion, or simply Stonewall, were a series of spontaneous protests by members of the gay community[note 1] in response to a police raid that began in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969 to 3 July 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City. Patrons of the Stonewall, other Village lesbian and gay bars, and neighborhood street people fought back when the police became violent. The riots are widely considered the watershed event that transformed the gay liberation movement and the twentieth-century fight for LGBT rights in the United States.

INDIAN EVENTS ON 27 JUNE

The important events on June 27 with reference to our country India.

1. Birth Anniversary :On this day in Indian history is celebrated as the birth anniversary of the following personalities:

• Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (27 June 1838 – 8 April 1894), an Indian novelist, poet, journalist, and composer of Vande Mataram, originally in Sanskrit, personifying India as a mother goddess and inspiring activists during the Indian Independence Movement. He was an expert in both poetry and fiction. In the year 1865, his first published work was the Bengali work ‘Durgeshanandini’. Then his next works were Kapalkundala in 1866, Mrinalini in 1869, Vishvriksha in 1873, Chandrashekhar in 1877, Rajni in 1877, Raj Singh in 1881, and Devi Chaudhurani in 1884. He also published the monthly magazine ‘Vangdarshan’ in 1872. He is known as Sahitya Samrat (Emperor of Literature) in Bengali. He was born on 27 June 1838 in Naihati, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day West Bengal, India).

• Rahul Dev Burman (27 June 1939 – 4 January 1994), an Indian music director and one of the greatest music composers of the Indian film industry. He was also called as Pancham or ‘Panchamada‘. He was the only child of famous musician Sachin Dev Burman and his wife Meera. Due to his unparalleled musical talent, he is considered one of the best musicians in the world. It is believed that many musicians imitate his style even today. Panchamada also lent voice to 18 films he composed. He also acted in Bhoot Bangla (1965) and Pyaar Ka Mausam (1969). He was born on 27 June 1939 in Comilla, Bengal Province, British India (present-day Cumilla, Bangladesh).

• P.T. Usha (Pilavullakandi Thekkeraparambil Usha) is a sportsperson from the Indian state of Kerala. In 1976, the state government of Kerala opened a sports school for women, and Usha was elected as the representative of her district. Considered the queen of Indian track and field, PT Usha has been in Indian sports since 1979. He is one of the best players India has ever produced. No Indian female athlete could have achieved the success and fame that PT Usha has achieved in the nineties. She is currently considered the best female athlete in Asia. P. T. Usha is also known as the flying fairy. P.T. Usha was born on 27 June 1964 in Village, Kozhikode District, Kerala.P.T. Usha, a legendary former Indian Sprinter is set to become the first Woman President of the Indian Olympic Association (IOA). With this achievement, she will be the first Olympian and the first international medallist to head the association in its 95-year-old history.The 400-metre hurdles race at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles was Usha’s greatest performance and her deepest heartbreak. She lost out on the bronze medal by 1/100th of a second. She was awarded with Padma Shri in 1985 and Arjuna Award in 1984.

2. Death Anniversary: June 27 in Indian history is observed as the death anniversary of the following personalities:

• Maharaja Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839), the most famous king of the Sikh Empire. He is popularly known as “Sher-e Punjab”. Maharaja Ranjit Singh was such a person who not only kept Punjab united as a strong province, but also did not allow the British to come near his empire while he was alive. On April 12, 1801, Ranjit Singh assumed the title of Maharaja. His coronation was done by a descendant of Guru Nanak. He made Lahore his capital and moved to Amritsar in 1802. Maharaja Ranjit Singh was not educated, but he gave great encouragement to education and art in his state. He established law and order in Punjab and never gave death sentences to anyone. He died on 27 June 1839 in Lahore.

• Sam Manekshaw (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), the Chief of the Indian Army under whose leadership India won the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War resulting in the birth of Bangladesh. In his 40 years of military life, he participated in all three wars with China and Pakistan apart from the Second World War. His friends affectionately called him ‘Sam Bahadur’. He got awarded with Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan for his bravery. Manekshaw died on 27 June 2008 at the age of 94 in Wellington, Tamil Nadu, India.

3. The 42nd Amendment (1976)

During the emergency, on June 27, 1976, the 42nd Amendment to the Indian Constitution was enacted. This amendment brought significant changes to the constitutional framework, including the insertion of the terms "Socialist" and "Secular" in the preamble. It also altered certain fundamental rights, reshaping the legal landscape of the nation. The 42nd amendment act is also known as the “Mini-Constitution” because of the enormous number of amendments it has made to the Indian Constitution. It attempted to alter the basic structure of the Indian Constitution. It also changed the description of India from a "sovereign democratic republic" to a "sovereign, socialist secular democratic republic", and also changed the words "unity of the nation" to "unity and integrity of the nation".

4. Nehru Memorial Museum (1964)

On 27 June 1964,  Teen Murti Bhavan, official residence of the Prime Minister of India, became the Nehru Memorial Museum. The Teen Murti Bhavan (Teen Murti House; formerly known as Flagstaff House) is a building and former residence in New Delhi. It was built by the British Raj and became the residence of the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, who stayed there for 16 years until his death on 27 May 1964.and currently serves as a museum dedicated to his life and legacy.

The significance of Teen Murti Bhavan lies in its association with Jawaharlal Nehru, a key figure in Indian history who played a pivotal role in India's struggle for independence and the formation of the modern Indian state. The museum at Teen Murti Bhavan offers visitors an insight into Nehru's life and ideas and provides a glimpse into the history and politics of India during the 20th century.

Teen Murti Bhavan is also important as it serves as a research and study centre for scholars, researchers and students of Indian history, politics and governance. The library and archives at the Bhavan contain a wealth of information and resources on Nehru, the Indian National Congress and the Indian independence movement, making it an important resource for researchers and students.

5. Chipko Movment: 27 June 1995

Environmentalist and 'Chipko' leader, Shri Sunderlal Bahuguna ends the 49-day old fast in demand for a scientific review of the controversial Tehri dam project in Uttarakhand.

WORLD EVENTS ON 27 JUNE

The notable historical events that took place on June 27th in the past. These events have left a significant mark on history, shaping our world in various ways. From important treaties and scientific discoveries to cultural milestones and social advancements, let us have a look into some major occurrences.

1. The Treaty of Versailles: Set a path from war to Peace (1919)

The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 27th of June 1919, marking the end of World War I and setting the stage of the peace and order for a new world. It aimed to restore peace and hold Germany responsible for the war. It brought significant changes to the geopolitical landscape and laid the foundation for international cooperation.

2. "The Joy of Cooking": Nourishing Culinary Creativity (1931)

In 1931, June 27th witnessed the publication of "The Joy of Cooking" by Irma Rombauer. This iconic cookbook became a staple in kitchens around the world, offering a wide range of recipes and culinary advice. It fuelled a passion for home cooking and inspired countless individuals to explore their creativity in the kitchen.

3. A Splash of Colour: Television Transmissions Come Alive (1951)

June 27, 1951, marked a turning point in television history. On this day, CBS introduced colour television transmissions, revolutionizing the way we experience visual entertainment. The advent of colour television brought vibrancy and realism to our screens, enhancing the viewer's overall experience.

4. Apollo 15 Mission: Reaching for the Moon (1971)

On June 27, 1971, NASA's Apollo 15 mission embarked on a journey to explore the moon. This mission allowed astronauts to conduct scientific experiments, collect lunar samples, and further our understanding of our celestial neighbours. It was a significant milestone in space exploration and a testament to human ingenuity.

5. Breaking Barriers: Demolishing the Berlin Wall (1990)

June 27, 1990, witnessed a historic moment of unity as the Berlin Wall, a symbol of division, was torn down. The demolition of the wall brought an end to the Cold War era and reunited East and West Berlin. It represented the triumph of freedom and the power of people coming together.

6. Empowering Change: Handover of Hong Kong (1997)

On June 27, 1997, Hong Kong transitioned from British rule to Chinese sovereignty. The handover of Hong Kong was a significant event in modern history, signifying the blending of cultures and the preservation of the city's unique identity. It represented a new chapter for Hong Kong and its people.

7. Unveiling the Secrets: Discovery of the Higgs Boson Particle (2012)

In 2012, scientists made a groundbreaking discovery on June 27th—the existence of the Higgs Boson particle. This discovery confirmed the existence of a fundamental particle that gives mass to other particles. It was a breakthrough in the field of particle physics and provided valuable insights into the workings of the universe.

8. Farewell to an Icon: Remembering Nelson Mandela (2013)

June 27, 2013, marked a sombre moment as the world bid farewell to Nelson Mandela. Mandela was a living statue of resilience, forgiveness, and equality. His legacy as an anti-apartheid revolutionary and South Africa's first black president continues to inspire people around the world.

9. Love Wins: Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage (2015)

On June 27, 2015, a monumental milestone was reached in the fight for equality and human rights. The Supreme Court of the United States legalized same-sex marriage nationwide. This decision was a triumph for the LGBTQ+ community, affirming their right to love and marry whomever they choose. It represented a significant step forward in the journey toward equal rights for all.

10. Unlocking Trade Routes: Panama Canal Expansion (2016)

June 27, 2016, witnessed the completion of a remarkable engineering feat—the expansion of the Panama Canal. The expansion allowed for the passage of larger ships, facilitating increased international trade, and reducing travel times. This modern marvel of engineering opened new avenues for global commerce and strengthened connections between nations.

11. Driving Towards Equality: Saudi Women's Right to Drive (2018)

June 27, 2018, marked a historic day for women's rights in Saudi Arabia. It was on this day that the longstanding ban on women driving was lifted, granting women the right to drive legally. This landmark decision was a significant step toward gender equality and empowerment, enabling women to have greater independence and mobility.

12. Tunnelling into the Future: Inauguration of the Gotthard Base Tunnel (2016)

On June 27, 2016, the world celebrated the inauguration of the Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland. This engineering marvel, the longest railway tunnel in the world, revolutionized transportation by providing a high-speed rail link through the Swiss Alps. The tunnel's completion opened new possibilities for efficient and sustainable travel, connecting regions and fostering economic growth.

13. Harnessing the Sun: Solar Impulse 2 Takes Flight (2016)

June 27, 2016, witnessed a groundbreaking achievement in renewable energy and aviation. Solar Impulse 2, a solar-powered aircraft, completed its round-the-world journey, demonstrating the potential of clean energy and sustainable technology. This feat showcased the power of innovation and served as a catalyst for advancements in renewable energy solutions.

14. Women's Soccer Reigns: FIFA Women's World Cup Final (2019)

On June 27, 2019, the FIFA Women's World Cup reached its pinnacle with the highly anticipated final match. This global sporting event showcased the incredible talent and skill of women's soccer teams from around the world. It marked a significant moment in the recognition and appreciation of women's sports, inspiring a new generation of athletes.

15. Saluting Seafarers: International Day of the Seafarer (2010)

Every year on June 25th, we celebrate the International Day of the Seafarer, an occasion to honour the invaluable contributions of seafarers to global trade and the world economy. This day recognizes their dedication, resilience, and sacrifice while working in challenging conditions to ensure the smooth flow of goods across the oceans.

16. The first women’s magazine “Ladies’ Mercury” was published in London-1693.

17. World MSME Day

The first-ever MSME Day was celebrated on 27 June 2017 when United Nations General Assembly has declared 27 June as Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) Day. Small businesses account for 90% of the world's businesses, 60 to 70% of employment, and 50% of the global economy. They contribute to local and national economies and to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.They are a critical force in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They promote innovation, creativity and decent work for all.

The events provide a platform for small business owners to tell their stories of entrepreneurship and its challenges, while governments, international organizations and business support organizations show their commitment to support.

18. HELLEN KELLER DAY:

Helen Keller Day is a commemorative day to celebrate the birth of Helen Keller, observed on June 27 annually. Although Helen Keller was born deaf and blind, she persevered in life and achieved her goals. She became a prolific writer, published numerous books, founded the "American Foundation for the Blind," and served as an advocate for people with disabilities. Thanks to advances in science and technology, blind and deaf people are able to lead full and productive lives. On Helen Keller Day, we recognize the progress that has been made in supporting and accommodating individuals with disabilities. It's a reminder that everyone has potential and can contribute greatly to society.

Awareness Generation Programmes, Seminars & Workshops, Webinars, Sports Activities, Quiz Competitions were organized across the country to observe the Helen Keller’s Day on 27thJune 2023.

Helen Keller was born June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama, but things turned bad quickly. At nineteen months, she suffered from a form of bacterial meningitis, which left her unable to see, hear, or speak. The family sought the advice of Alexander Graham Bell, a famous scientist and inventor known for inventing the first telephone, who advised them to apply to the Perkins Institute for the Blind in Boston.

They followed Bell’s advice and in 1887, Keller was taught by Anne Sullivan, a young teacher who had suffered vision impairment herself. Sullivan used “touch teaching” techniques and her skilled guidance calmed the seemingly uncontrollable Keller. Keller learned how to read and write in Braille thanks to Sullivan’s own experiences that gave her a deeper understanding of her student’s struggles. Keller also used hand signals of the deaf-mute, which she understood by touch. 

Keller would go on to become an author. In 1902, her book, “The Story of my Life” was published and loved by many who took her story to heart. She graduated from Radcliffe College and graduated with honors in 1904, making her the first blind and deaf woman to graduate from college. Thanks to Sullivan’s assistance and became a public speaker, requiring the assistance of an interpreter to make herself understood. People were inspired by her resounding spirit to surpass the expectations placed on her because of her disabilities, and it led to advances in public services of the handicapped.

Helen Keller was a fundraiser for the American Foundation for the Blind and an advocate for racial and sexual equality. Sullivan and Keller became a lifelong duo and from 1920 to 1924, they formed a vaudeville act to entertain, raise money, and educate the public. On June 1, 1968, Keller died in Easton, Connecticut, at age 87, but her legacy of civil service and a resilient spirit is everlasting. The presidential proclamation of Helen Keller Day was made in 2006, as well as many notable international organizations that help the blind and deaf.

Windup

As we reflect on the important historical events that unfolded on June 27th, we are reminded of the significant strides humanity has made in various fields. From peace treaties and scientific discoveries to social advancements and cultural milestones, these events have shaped our world and continue to inspire future generations. Let us cherish the lessons learned from the past as we forge a path toward a brighter future.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the significance of the Treaty of Versailles?

The Treaty of Versailles marked the end of World War I and laid the groundwork for a new global order, shaping the geopolitical landscape.

How did the legalization of same-sex marriage impact society?

The legalization of same-sex marriage was a crucial step toward achieving equality and fostering inclusivity within society.

What was the importance of the Panama Canal expansion?

The expansion of the Panama Canal facilitated increased international trade, reduced travel times, and strengthened global connections.

Why was the right to drive for Saudi women significant?

The lifting of the ban on women driving in Saudi Arabia was a significant milestone for women's rights, granting them greater independence and mobility.

What is the significance of the International Day of the Seafarer?

The International Day of the Seafarer recognizes and honours the invaluable contributions of seafarers to global trade and the world economy.

The "Big Three Conference" began on 27 June 1947, involving France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union.[8] This meeting soon revealed basic disagreements between France and Great Britain on one side, and the Soviet Union on the other, leading to the breakdown of discussions on 2 July.[9] That same day, France and Great Britain announced their intention to consider the Marshall Plan further, with or without participation of the Soviet Union.[10] The foreign ministers of the two countries therefore issued a formal invitation on 3 July 1947 to 22 European nations to participate in a "committee of co-operation" to detail the requirements and production capabilities of Europe,[11] with 16 nations accepting this invitation by 10 July.[12]

WORLD EVENTS ON 26 JUNE

On June 26th, significant world events have taken place throughout the world history:

• United Nations Charter: On June 26, 1945, representatives from 50 countries signed the United Nations Charter in San Francisco, California. This marked the establishment of the United Nations, an international organization focused on promoting peace, cooperation, and global development.

• International Day in Support of Victims of Torture:  On 12 December 1997, by resolution 52/149, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 26 June the United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture, with a view to the total eradication of torture and the effective functioning of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. The UN International Day in Support of Victims of Torture on 26 June marks the moment in 1987 when the UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, one of the key instruments in fighting torture, came into effect. Today, there are 173 State parties to the Convention.
     
  

         (Source- https://www.un.org/en/observances/torture-victims-day)

• Djibouti Independence: On June 26, 1977, Djibouti, a small nation in the Horn of Africa, gained independence from France. This marked the end of colonial rule and the beginning of self-governance for the people of Djibouti.

• Human Genome Project Milestone: June 26, 2000, was a significant day for science. Researchers announced the completion of a rough draft of the human genome. The Human Genome Project aimed to map and sequence the entire human genome, leading to valuable insights in genetics and medical research.

• Saudi Arabia's Women Driving Ban Lifted: On June 26, 2018, Saudi Arabia ended its ban on women driving. This decision allowed women in the country to obtain driver's licenses and drive legally, promoting gender equality and women's empowerment.

• Richard III becomes the King of England on 26 June 1483.

• Mozambique (Maputo) gains independence from Portugal in 1975.The Mozambican War of Independence ends with the signing of the Lusaka Accord, granting independence to Mozambique from Portuguese colonial rule.

• Croatia (Zagreb) and Slovenia (Ljubljana) declare independence from Yugoslavia, leading to the breakup of the country in 1991.

• The U.S. Supreme Court in 2003 strikes down a Texas law that criminalized consensual same-sex sexual activity in the landmark case Lawrence v. Texas.

• In 2013 The U.S. Supreme Court rules in United States v. Windsor that the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) is unconstitutional, granting federal recognition to same-sex marriages.

• The Supreme Court of the United States legalizes same-sex marriage nationwide in the landmark case Obergefell v. Hodges in 2015.

• Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, the first book in the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling, is published in the United Kingdom on 26th June1997.

• The Apple iPhone is released in 2007 revolutionizing the smartphone industry.

• On 26 June 2015 Greece (Athens) becomes the first developed country to default on a loan repayment to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), marking a significant moment in the European debt crisis.

• The first live test of the UPC (Universal Product Code) system occurred on June 26, 1974, at a Marsh supermarket in Troy, Ohio, America. 

• In 2016, The Brexit Referendum takes place in the United Kingdom, resulting in a majority vote to leave the European Union.

• In 2017, The Great Mosque of al-Nuri in Mosul, Iraq (Baghdad), is destroyed by ISIS militants during the Battle of Mosul.

INDIAN EVENTS ON 26 JUNE

In Indian 26th JUNE is celebrated, observed, and remembered for various reasons.

1. Birth Anniversary: 26th June is the birth anniversary of Aruna Roy and Arjun Kapoor. 

Aruna Roy an ex-civil servant and Indian political, prominent social activist who was born on 26 June 1946 in Chennai. 

She was a civil servant from 1968 to 1975. In 1975 she resigned from the Indian Administrative Service to work with the rural poor in Rajasthan. Along with Nikhil Dey, Shankar Singh, and several others from the local community in Devdungri district, she collectively formed the MKSS Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (Organisation for the Empowerment of Workers and Peasants) in 1990. The MKSS played a pivotal role in drafting and advocating for the Right to Information Law which was passed by the Indian Parliament in 2005. She has also worked with campaigns for the access of the poor to constitutional rights for equality and justice- the Right to Work, Food Security and the Peoples’ Union for Civil Liberties.

She worked as a member of India’s National Advisory Council from 2004-06 and 2010-13. As member of the Council she played a crucial role in the passage of national legislations for the Right to Information and the Right to Employment law (MGNREGA) in 2005. The RTI is the first national legislation in which a peoples’ campaign played such a significant role from enunciating the principles to drafting the law and over seeing it through parliament.

She is a prominent member of many democratic struggles and campaigns, and currently is the President of the National Federation of Indian Women (NFIW). She was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2000, the Nani Palkiwala Award and the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award for Excellence in Public Administration, Academia and Management in 2010, and listed as one of the 100 most influential people in the world by the TIME Magazine for 2011.

Aruna along with the MKSS Collective have recently published – “The RTI Story: Power to the People”- which tells the story of how ordinary people can come together and prevail against great odds, to make democracy more meaningful.

Arjun Kapoor (born 26 June 1985) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi films. Born to the Surinder Kapoor family, he is the son of film producer Boney Kapoorand Mona Shourie. Kapoor made his acting debut in 2012 with the drama Ishaqzaade which was commercially successful and earned him several awards, including the Stardust Award for Superstar of Tomorrow – Male.

2. Death Anniversary : This day is also observed as the death anniversary of Govind Shastri Dugvekar, Yash Johar, and Eknath Solkar.

Govind Shastri Dugvekar (1881 – 26 June 1961), a unique servant of Hindi language and literature and a versatile genius. Govind Shastri ji had a major hand in the first establishment of Shastra Shuddh Hindi Theater in the form of ‘Bhartendu Natak Mandali’. Govind had come to Kashi around 1901 and spent the remaining 60 years of his life mostly living in Kashi and did literary practice. He used to write very excellent poetry in Brajbhasha and Khariboli. To meet the lack of children’s literature, Govind Shastri has also written many stories in the form of a picture story. He died on 26 June 1961 in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh.

 
Yash Johar (6 September 1929 – 26 June 2004), an Indian Bollywood film producer. He founded Dharma Productions in 1976. He died on 26 June 2004 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
 
Eknath Solkar (18 March 1948 – 26 June 2005), an Indian all-round cricketer who played 27 Tests and seven One Day Internationals. He died on 26 June 2005 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

 
In the context of India, 26th June holds historical, economic, political, and social significance. Here's a breakdown of each aspect:
 
1. Historical Importance:

Emergency Declaration (1975): As mentioned earlier, 26th June 1975 marks the day when the then-Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, declared a state of emergency in India. This event had a profound impact on the political landscape of the country, with the suspension of civil liberties and widespread political repression.
 
2. Economic Importance:

Implemetation of GST in Indian: On June 26, 2017, the Government of India implemented the Goods and Services Tax (GST), which marked a significant economic and taxation reform. The GST replaced multiple indirect taxes levied by the central and state governments, unifying them under a single tax regime. It aimed to streamline the taxation system, eliminate cascading taxes, promote ease of doing business, and create a common national market. The GST has had far-reaching implications for businesses, consumers, and the overall economy of India. While it faced initial challenges and adjustments, the implementation of GST represents a landmark in India's economic reforms and fiscal consolidation efforts.

 
3. Political Importance:

a) Indian Constitution Adoption (1947): Although India's Constitution was adopted on 26th November 1949, it came into effect on 26th January 1950. Hence, 26th January is celebrated as Republic Day in India. However, the historical importance of 26th June lies in the fact that it was on this day in 1947 when the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the final draft of the Constitution.This marked a crucial milestone in India's political history, as it laid the foundation for a democratic and sovereign nation.

b) Kargil Vijay Diwas: 26th June 2002 is observed as Kargil Vijay Diwas in India. It commemorates the victory of the Indian Armed Forces in the Kargil War against Pakistan in 1999.Kargil Vijay Diwas, has been named after the success of Operation Vijay. On this day India successfully reclaimed command of the high outposts which were treacherously occupied by Pakistani intruders during winter months. The Kargil war was fought for more than 60 days which ended on 26 July 1999 with gallant victory for India.This day reminds us of the sacrifice of our Soldiers who fought the battle of Kargil with Pakistan on the icy heights of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. This year marks the 23rd anniversary of that grand victory. Functions are organised all over the country to commemorate the supreme sacrifice and glorious victory of the Indian Armed Forces. (Source https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1844944)

 
4. Social Importance:

a) International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking: Globally recognized on 26th June, this day is observed in India as well. It serves as an opportunity to raise awareness about the dangers of drug abuse and promote initiatives for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. Addressing social issues like drug abuse is crucial for the well-being and development of society.

5. Science And Technology:

a) Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) Launch: On June 26, 2015, ISRO successfully launched five British satellites into orbit using the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) C28.

INDIAN EVENTS ON 25 JUNE

Summary of the historical events associated with June 25th in India:

1. June 25, 1975: State of Emergency

• On this day, Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India, declared a state of emergency.

• The state of emergency lasted until 1977 and involved the suspension of civil liberties and censorship of the press.

• Political opponents were arrested during this period, which marked a significant moment in India's political history.

2. June 25, 1983: Cricket World Cup Victory

• On June 25, 1983, the Indian cricket team won the Cricket World Cup.

• Led by Kapil Dev, India defeated the West Indies in the final held at Lord's cricket ground in London.

• This victory was significant as it made India the first Asian team to win the prestigious tournament.

• The win brought immense pride to the nation and played a crucial role in popularizing cricket in India.

3. June 25,1857- The Indian Rebellion of 1857

•  Also known as the First War of Independence or Sepoy Mutiny, began as a     major uprising against British rule in India.

4.  June 25,1947– Approval of Partition

• The Indian National Congress approved the plan for the partition of India, leading to the formation of two separate nations, India and Pakistan.

5.  June 25,1991 – Liberal Policy

• Economic Liberalization measures were introduced in India, marking a significant shift toward a more market-oriented economy.

6. June 25,1999 - The Kargil War

• This war between India and Pakistan took place, involving armed conflict in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian Army successfully defeated the Pakistani infiltrated.

While June 25th is not widely celebrated as a national holiday in India, these events hold historical importance as they reflect pivotal moments in the country's political and sporting history.