Monday, July 3, 2023

INDIAN EVENTS ON 29 JUNE

 The major events that took place in the annals of the Indian history are described below:


1. P. C Mahalanobis Birthday:


Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, often referred to as P.C. Mahalanobis, was an eminent Indian scientist, statistician, and economist. He was born on June 29, 1893, in Calcutta (now Kolkata), British India, and passed away on June 28, 1972. 

He is remembered for the Mahalanobis distance, a statistical measure, and for being one of the members of the first Planning Commission of free India. He made pioneering studies in anthropometry in India. His birth annievrdary is observed as the National Statistical Day in India. The theme of Statistics Day, 2023 is “Alignment of State Indicator Framework with National Indicator Framework for Monitoring Sustainable Development Goals”.

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, widely known as P.C. Mahalanobis, was an esteemed Indian scientist and statistician. He was born on June 29, 1893, in Kolkata, India. Mahalanobis made significant contributions to the fields of statistics, economics, and planning.

In 1931, Mahalanobis founded the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in Kolkata, which became a leading institution for statistical research and education in India. His work included the development of the Mahalanobis Distance, a statistical measure used to determine the distance between a point and a distribution. This measure finds applications in diverse areas such as pattern recognition and data analysis.

Mahalanobis also played a crucial role in India's economic planning. He introduced the concept of Five-Year Plans in India and served as a member of the Planning Commission from 1955 to 1967. His statistical expertise and visionary approach contributed to the formulation and implementation of effective economic policies in post-independence India.

Furthermore, Mahalanobis focused on promoting statistical education and research. He initiated various statistical surveys and studies in India, which laid the groundwork for evidence-based decision-making in governance and policymaking.

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis received several prestigious awards, including the Padma Vibhushan, one of India's highest civilian honors, and the Weldon Memorial Prize for his statistical research.

Mahalanobis's contributions continue to inspire researchers and practitioners worldwide. His pioneering work in statistics, economics, and planning left a lasting impact, and his legacy remains influential in the fields of statistical science and applied mathematics.

2. Michael Madhusudan Dutt Death Anniversary:


Michael Madhusudan Dutt, a celebrated Bengali poet, was born on January 25, 1824, in Kolkata, India. On June 29, 1873, the literary community commemorates the anniversary of his passing, reflecting on his significant contributions to Bengali literature.

Dutt is hailed as a trailblazer in modern Bengali literature. He revolutionized the poetic landscape by infusing Western influences, particularly English literature, into his works. His innovative style and use of blank verse brought a fresh perspective to Bengali poetry.

One of Dutt's most notable achievements is his epic poem, "Meghnad Badh Kavya," which draws inspiration from the Hindu epic Ramayana. It narrates the story of Meghnad, the courageous son of the demon king Ravana. This magnum opus exemplified Dutt's exceptional talent and his ability to harmonize classical and contemporary elements.

Throughout his literary journey, Dutt encountered both admiration and criticism. His audacious experimentation with language and form challenged the established conventions of Bengali poetry, making him a controversial figure in his time.

Sadly, Dutt's personal life was marred by hardships and financial difficulties. He faced numerous setbacks and endured a life burdened by debt, which took a toll on his well-being. Nevertheless, his unwavering commitment to literature remained steadfast.

On June 29, 1873, Michael Madhusudan Dutt passed away, leaving behind an enduring legacy that continues to inspire generations of poets and writers. His contributions to Bengali literature and his pioneering spirit have solidified his position as one of India's most celebrated literary figures.

As we honor the anniversary of Michael Madhusudan Dutt's passing, we pay tribute to his immense talent, his devotion to literary exploration, and his lasting influence on Bengali literature. His works serve as a reminder of his remarkable contribution to the world of poetry, resonating with readers across generations.


3.Delhi was given full sovereignty and statehood:


On this day in 1998, The government agreed to award Delhi full sovereignty and statehood and create three new states: Uttaranchal, Vananchal, and Chattisgarh.

4. In 1553: Chaitanya Maha Prabhu, a Vaishnav Sant, passed away.


Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, born on February 18, 1486, Sridham Mayapur in Navadvipa, Bengal, was a revered saint and religious leader in 16th-century India. He is highly regarded for his role in revitalizing devotion to Lord Krishna.

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, also known as Gauranga, is considered an incarnation of Lord Krishna and Shrimati Radha Rani, his teachings emphasized the path of Bhakti Yoga. Bhakti Yoga focuses on cultivating deep love and devotion towards the divine as a means of spiritual growth and liberation.

One of the key aspects of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's teachings was the chanting of the Hare Krishna Maha Mantra: "Hare Krishna, Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna, Hare Hare, Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare." He believed that this mantra held the power to purify the heart, awaken spiritual awareness, and establish a direct connection with the divine.

Throughout his life, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu embarked on extensive journeys across India, spreading the message of Bhakti Yoga and congregational chanting of Krishna's holy names. His teachings garnered a large following, and his devotees formed a vibrant spiritual community known as the Gaudiya Vaishnavas.

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's teachings transcended social divisions and promoted a sense of unity and inclusiveness among his followers. He emphasized the universality of spiritual love and the equality of all beings in the eyes of the divine.

The impact of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's teachings can be seen in the flourishing tradition of Gaudiya Vaishnavism. This devotional tradition, inspired by his philosophy, has led to the establishment of temples, ashrams, and spiritual communities dedicated to the practice of Bhakti Yoga and the spread of Krishna consciousness.

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's legacy continues to resonate today, inspiring millions of devotees around the world. His teachings serve as a guiding light for those seeking a deeper connection with the divine and a path of spiritual awakening.

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's emphasis on devotion, the power of chanting the holy names of Krishna, and the importance of love and service to God and humanity has left an indelible mark on Indian spirituality. His teachings offer profound insights into the path of Bhakti Yoga and continue to inspire seekers on their spiritual journeys.

He was given the name Vishwambhara, then Nimai Pandita, and finally Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu after accepting the renounced order of life. He popularized the practice of worshiping Radha and Krishna simultaneously. He taught the philosophy of Achintaya Bheda-Abheda. He was a Saguna who popularized "Kirtans" (religious songs) as a means of worship. He was well-known in Eastern India, and he spent the majority of his life in Puri, Odisha. In Sanskrit, he authored "Siksastakam," a treatise in which he elucidated on his ideas.

Chaitanya is considered by Gaudiya Vaishnavas to be Lord Krishna in disguise (channa avatar) who emerged in the Kali Yuga as his own disciple to demonstrate the simplest path to Krishna Consciousness. Bhaktivinoda Thakura, a Gaudiya Vaishnava acharya, also discovered a rare copy of Chaitanya Upanisad from the Atharvaveda part, which indicates Chaitanya's identity.

5. Vishwanathan won Frankfurt chess classic title-1997:



On June 29, 1997, Indian chess grandmaster won the 1997 chess classic title in Frankfurt, Germany. Vishwanathan is a world chess champion, he has won the title five times.


7.  Birth Anniversary of the Indian Actress Upasana Singh:



Born on June 29, 1975, in Punjab, Upasana Singh is an Indian actress mostly famous for her comedy role, Upasana has worked in many Bollywood movies. Apart from Bollywood, she worked in Punjabi, Bhojpuri, Rajasthani and Gujarati movies as well.






WORLD EVENTS ON 29 JUNE

    The followings are the major events that took place on 29 June with refernce to the world as a whole:


1. On this day in 1613, Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre in London was destroyed by a fire. The fire started from a cannon shot as part of a performance.

During a performance of William Shakespeare's Henry VIII on this day in 1613, the Globe Theatre was destroyed within an hour after its thatch was accidentally set aflame by a cannon marking the king's entrance onstage.




2. In 1995 The US Space Shuttle Atlantis docks with the Russian space station Mir


The rendezvous in space marked a new age of cooperation between the former Cold War adversaries. The docking created the largest man-made Earth satellite to orbit the earth.

3. June 29th is the day we celebrate US Camera Day as well as  US Waffle Iron Day.




4.  In 1990 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are banned to protect the ozone layer:


The London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol stipulated that CFCs be phased out by 2000 in developed countries and by 2010 in developing countries. CFCs are one of the substances most harmful to the ozone layer, escalating the greenhouse effect and global warming.



5. In 1986 Richard Branson breaks the record for the fastest Atlantic crossing by boat:


The British businessman took about three days to cross the ocean in his speedboat “Virgin Atlantic Challenger II”. He was denied the prestigious Blue Riband for the fastest crossing because he refueled on the way.

6. 1927 Two U.S. aviators complete the first transpacific flight:


Lester Maitland and Albert Hegenberger had taken off from Oakland Municipal Airport the previous day. Their “Bird of Paradise” aircraft touched down in Oahu, Hawaii 25 hours and 50 minutes later.

7. The science Fiction Drama movie “A.I. Artificial Intelligence” premiered: 

The movie was very well received by critics and grossed $235 million. In the realm of science fiction, one film stands out for its exploration of artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on humanity. "A.I. Artificial Intelligence," directed by the renowned filmmaker Steven Spielberg, captivated audiences when it was released in 2001. This thought-provoking movie delves into the complexities of emotions, consciousness, and the ethical dilemmas surrounding intelligent machines. 



8. In 1986 Argentina won West Germany at the FIFA World Cup Final held in Mexico City:

9. 1952, Finnish Armi Kuusela won the first Miss Universe Pageant:


Armi Kuusela is a Finnish beauty queen who gained international fame by winning the first-ever Miss Universe pageant in 1952. She was born on August 20, 1934, in Muhos, Finland.

At 17 years old, Armi Kuusela participated in the Miss Finland beauty pageant in 1952 and won. This victory earned her the opportunity to represent Finland in the inaugural Miss Universe competition, held in Long Beach, California, USA, on June 28, 1952.

Armi Kuusela's beauty, grace, and charm impressed the judges and the audience at the Miss Universe pageant, leading to her historic win. She became the first-ever Miss Universe, instantly becoming an international sensation.

Shortly after her Miss Universe victory, Armi Kuusela made a surprising decision to give up her title. She chose to marry Filipino businessman Virgilio Hilario and tied the knot on May 4, 1953, in Tokyo, Japan. This unexpected move generated significant media attention.

Following her marriage, Armi Kuusela moved to the Philippines and embraced her role as a wife and mother. She and Virgilio Hilario had five children together. Although she stepped away from the public eye, she remained an iconic figure in the world of beauty pageants, forever remembered as the first-ever Miss Universe.

Over the years, Armi Kuusela made occasional public appearances and received recognition for her contributions to beauty and philanthropy. Her legacy as a trailblazer for Finnish and international beauty queens is enduring, and she continues to be admired for her grace and elegance.

10. 1534, French explorer Jacques Cartier discovered Prince Edward Island, off the coast of Canada.





11. Sverre was crowned King of Norway in 1194. 



Sverre Sigurdsson was the king of Norway from 1184 to 1202 and is considered by many as one of the most important rulers in Norwegian history.

12. Births On This Day, June 29

a) 1978 Nicole Scherzinger American singer, dancer, actress:

Nicole Scherzinger is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She was born on June 29, 1978, in Honolulu, Hawaii. Scherzinger rose to fame as the lead singer of the girl group Pussycat Dolls. The group achieved commercial success with hits like "Don't Cha," "Buttons," and "When I Grow Up."

After the Pussycat Dolls disbanded, Scherzinger pursued a solo career and released her debut album, "Killer Love," in 2011. The album spawned several successful singles, including "Don't Hold Your Breath" and "Right There." She has also collaborated with various artists, such as will.i.am, 50 Cent, and Timbaland.

In addition to her music career, Nicole Scherzinger has appeared as a judge on various talent shows, including "The X Factor" in the United Kingdom and the United States. She has also ventured into acting, with roles in movies like "Men in Black 3" and the West End musical "Cats."

Known for her powerful vocals, captivating stage presence, and versatile musical style, Nicole Scherzinger continues to be an influential figure in the music industry.

b) 1968 Theoren Fleury Canadian ice hockey player:


Theoren Fleury is a former ice hockey player from Canada. He was born on June 29, 1968, in Oxbow, Saskatchewan. Fleury was known for his skills and speed on the ice.

Even though he was shorter than most players at 5'6" (168 cm), Fleury made up for it with his quickness and ability to score goals. He played in the NHL for teams like the Calgary Flames, Colorado Avalanche, New York Rangers, and Chicago Blackhawks.

Fleury's biggest accomplishment came in 1989 when he won the Stanley Cup with the Calgary Flames. He was chosen to play in the NHL All-Star Game seven times, which showed how much respect he earned from other players.

Fleury faced personal challenges off the ice, including struggles with substance abuse and mental health issues. But he worked hard to overcome them and made a comeback in 2005, playing in the Canadian Hockey League (CHL) before retiring in 2009.

Today, Fleury is known for speaking openly about his challenges and advocating for mental health. He inspires many people and reminds us that with determination and resilience, we can overcome obstacles and achieve great things.


c) 1936 Harmon Killebrew American baseball player:


Harmon Killebrew was a famous baseball player known for hitting powerful home runs. He was born on June 29, 1936, in Payette, Idaho. Killebrew played for the Washington Senators and the Minnesota Twins in Major League Baseball (MLB).

During his career, Killebrew hit 573 home runs and was chosen as an All-Star 13 times. In 1969, he won the Most Valuable Player (MVP) award. People admired Killebrew for his sportsmanship and humility.

After retiring, he stayed involved in baseball as a coach and broadcaster. Sadly, Harmon Killebrew passed away on May 17, 2011. He left a lasting legacy as one of the greatest home run hitters in baseball and a role model for many.

d) 1900 Antoine de Saint-Exupéry-French writer:


Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, born on June 29, 1900, in Lyon, France, was a notable figure in both literature and aviation. He gained recognition as a French writer and aviator, with his most renowned work being "The Little Prince" ("Le Petit Prince" in French).

Saint-Exupéry's career as an aviator was marked by his pioneering efforts in delivering mail and exploring remote regions. He ventured into treacherous territories, experiencing firsthand the challenges and risks associated with long-distance flights.

In 1943, Saint-Exupéry published "The Little Prince," a significant literary contribution. The book presents a captivating narrative, chronicling the journey of a young prince who visits various planets, encountering peculiar characters and contemplating existential questions.

Saint-Exupéry's writing style exhibits a poetic and introspective quality, evoking philosophical contemplation. His work delves into themes such as friendship, love, and the significance of simplicity in life's complexities.

Tragically, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's life was cut short during World War II. On July 31, 1944, he disappeared while engaged in a reconnaissance mission, leaving behind an enduring legacy.

Today, Saint-Exupéry is remembered for his profound literary contributions and his aviation achievements. His books, including "The Little Prince," continue to captivate readers with their enchanting storytelling and thought-provoking messages, fostering imagination, compassion, and an appreciation for the wonders of life.


d)  1798 Giacomo Leopardi Italian poet:


Giacomo Leopardi, a prominent Italian poet, philosopher, and scholar. Was born on June 29. 1798. In the picturesque town of Recanati, Italy. 

His significant contributions to literature and philosophy have placed him in high regard within the history of Italian intellect. Leopardis poetic verses were filled with profound contemplation of the human condition provoking intense introspection and stirring emotions among readers. One of his notable works "L'Infinito" ("The Infinite") serves as a testament to his literary brilliance by encapsulating his philosophical musings and evoking a poignant sense of melancholy. 

Despite grappling with chronic illness Leopardis unwavering pursuit of knowledge allowed him to achieve remarkable scholarly accomplishments. He left behind an extensive body of work spanning various genres including poetry, essays, and philosophical treatises. This diverse collection showcases his exceptional intellect and offers insightful perspectives on the complexities of human existence. Leopardis' profound impact on Italian literature continues to resonate throughout time. His ability to delve deep into the human psyche and articulate the existential quandaries that affect us all has cemented his enduring legacy. He remains a highly regarded figure whose works continue to captivate and inspire successive generations of readers and scholars alike.

13. Deaths On This Day, June 29

a) 2003 Katharine Hepburn American actress, singer:


Born on May 12, 1907, on a hot summer day in the beautiful city of Hartford, Connecticut, Katharine Hepburn was a true gem of American cinema and her journey as an actress spanned more than six decades, and his influence on silver screen remains unparalleled.

Hepburn’s star began to shine brighter on stage, where her natural talent and incredible presence captivated audiences. She was as timeless and unique as the lives of the characters with her grace and razor-sharp wit.

Turning to the world of film, Hepburn fearlessly accepted roles, each a testament to her extraordinary talent. From powerful and independent women to vulnerable strong characters, she captivated audiences to this day with the unusual authenticity with which Hepburn collaborated with famous directors and colleagues breathed life into every role

In addition to her dramatic roles, Hepburn was a symbol of individuality and strength. He fearlessly pursued his own path, defying convention and encouraging generations to embrace their own identity. Her clothing choices and outspoken style made her a symbol of freedom and authority.

Katharine Hepburn's contribution to the world of cinema and her indomitable spirit have left an indelible mark on the hearts of moviegoers and film buffs worldwide and her legacy as a pioneer is her ability to come up with characters alive in such truth will be cherished forever. He was not just a prophet; He was a shining star still shining brightly in a Hollywood legend.Born on May 12, 1907, on a hot summer day in the beautiful city of Hartford, Connecticut, Katharine Hepburn was a true gem of American cinema and her journey as an actress spanned more than six decades, and his influence on silver screen remains unparalleled.

Hepburn’s star began to shine brighter on stage, where her natural talent and incredible presence captivated audiences. She was as timeless and unique as the lives of the characters with her grace and razor-sharp wit.

Turning to the world of film, Hepburn fearlessly accepted roles, each a testament to her extraordinary talent. From powerful and independent women to vulnerable strong characters, she captivated audiences to this day with the unusual authenticity with which Hepburn collaborated with famous directors and colleagues breathed life into every role

In addition to her dramatic roles, Hepburn was a symbol of individuality and strength. He fearlessly pursued his own path, defying convention and encouraging generations to embrace their own identity. Her clothing choices and outspoken style made her a symbol of freedom and authority.

Katharine Hepburn's contribution to the world of cinema and her indomitable spirit have left an indelible mark on the hearts of moviegoers and film buffs worldwide and her legacy as a pioneer is her ability to come up with characters alive in such truth will be cherished forever. He was not just a prophet; He was a shining star still shining brightly in a Hollywood legend.


b) 1967 Jayne Mansfield American model, actress, singer:

Born on April 19, 1933 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, Jane Mansfield was an American model, actress and entertainer. Known for her stunning beauty and voluptuous physique, Mansfield captured the public imagination and became a prominent figure in popular culture in the 1950s and 1960s

Mansfield began her career as a model, where her beautiful complexion and hourglass figure earned her recognition and many modeling opportunities. She graced magazine covers, worked with top photographers, and cemented her status as the sex symbol of her time.

After transitioning into the world of acting, Mansfield appeared in several films, often portraying characters with a comic nature. She brought her vibrant personality and undeniable charisma to the screen, charming audiences with her beauty and wit. Some of his most notable films include "The Girl Can't Help Him," "Will Victory Destroy Rock Hunter?," "Promise! Promise!"

While Mansfield's career was characterized by his sex appeal and glamorous image, he also demonstrated his talent as a singer, nightclub performer and stage actor His versatility and style gave he was loved by audiences and made him a celebrity in the entertainment industry.

Tragically, Mansfield’s life was cut short at the age of 34 in a car accident on June 29, 1967. Despite his untimely death, his impact on popular culture remains it matters Mansfield's iconic image, her signature blonde hair and hourglass look, is still celebrated and imitated, leaving a lasting legacy in fashion and beauty in the world of the

Jane Mansfield’s charm and unique style made her an unforgettable figure in American pop culture. Her contributions as a model, actress and entertainer left an indelible mark and will always be remembered in a tangible way



c) 1940 Paul Klee Swiss/German painter:


Paul Klee, born on December 18, 1879, in Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland, was a highly influential artist known for his unique and innovative approach to modern art. With a career that spanned several decades, Klee's work left an indelible mark on the art world and continues to captivate audiences with its distinctive style.

Klee's artistic journey was characterized by a blend of imagination, experimentation, and a deep connection to the world around him. Drawing inspiration from nature, music, and his own inner vision, he developed a signature style that was both playful and profound.

Using vibrant colors, geometric shapes, and intricate patterns, Klee created visually engaging artworks that invited viewers to explore the depths of their own imagination. His paintings often featured dreamlike scenes, abstract compositions, and symbolic elements, offering a glimpse into his rich inner world.

Throughout his career, Klee pushed the boundaries of traditional artistic techniques, embracing abstraction and exploring new forms of expression. His work reflected his belief in the power of art to transcend the ordinary and evoke emotions in the viewer.

In addition to his artistic pursuits, Klee was also a dedicated teacher and writer. His insightful writings on art theory and his role as a professor at the Bauhaus school influenced and inspired generations of artists, leaving an enduring impact on the development of modern art.

Paul Klee's artistic legacy is one of originality and artistic freedom. His ability to create visually striking and thought-provoking works of art continues to inspire artists and art enthusiasts worldwide. His unique style and innovative approach to modern art have secured his place as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century.



d) 1933 Roscoe Arbuckle - American actor, director, screenwriter:




Roscoe Arbuckle, born on March 24, 1887, in Smith Center, Kansas, was a beloved American silent film actor, director, and comedian. Known by his stage name Fatty Arbuckle, he brought laughter and joy to audiences during the early days of Hollywood.

Arbuckle's comedic talent was unmatched. With his expressive face, nimble movements, and impeccable timing, he had the ability to turn ordinary situations into moments of pure hilarity. His physical comedy and slapstick routines endeared him to fans, who couldn't help but laugh at his larger-than-life presence on screen.

During the silent film era, Arbuckle's popularity soared. He starred in a series of successful films, delighting audiences with his charming and endearing characters. Collaborations with other comedy legends, including Buster Keaton and Charlie Chaplin, further solidified his status as a comedic genius.

However, Arbuckle faced a major setback when he became embroiled in a scandal in 1921. Despite being wrongfully accused of a serious crime, the incident tarnished his reputation and temporarily halted his career. Although he was eventually acquitted of all charges, the damage had been done, and he faced an uphill battle to rebuild his image.

In the face of adversity, Arbuckle remained resilient. He returned to the film industry under a different name, William Goodrich, and focused on directing and mentoring aspiring artists. His determination to overcome obstacles and his commitment to supporting others showcased his true character.

Tragically, Arbuckle's life was cut short on June 29, 1933, leaving behind a legacy of laughter and entertainment. His contributions to comedy and his ability to bring smiles to people's faces will always be remembered.

Roscoe Arbuckle, or Fatty Arbuckle, will forever be celebrated as a talented comedian who brightened the lives of audiences with his infectious humor. His unique style and unwavering spirit continue to inspire generations of comedians and remind us of the power of laughter.

e) 1895 Thomas Henry Huxley-English biologist:


Thomas Henry Huxley, born on May 4, 1825, in Ealing, Middlesex, England, was a prominent figure in the scientific community during the Victorian era. He made significant contributions to the field of biology and played a crucial role in promoting scientific education and rational thinking.

Huxley's work revolved around the theory of evolution, particularly in support of Charles Darwin's ideas. His research in comparative anatomy and paleontology helped solidify the evidence for evolution and shed light on the interconnectedness of species. Huxley's ability to explain complex scientific concepts in a clear and accessible manner made him an influential communicator and educator.

Beyond his scientific pursuits, Huxley was a strong advocate for scientific literacy and the importance of education. He believed that everyone should have access to scientific knowledge and actively campaigned for science to be taught in schools. Huxley's dedication to promoting rational thinking often put him at odds with religious authorities, but he remained steadfast in his commitment to evidence-based reasoning.

Throughout his career, Huxley received recognition for his contributions to science. He served as the President of the Royal Society, a prestigious position in the scientific community. His unwavering dedication to scientific inquiry and his efforts to bridge the gap between science and society have had a lasting impact on the scientific community.

Thomas Henry Huxley's legacy as a biologist, educator, and advocate for science remains influential to this day. His commitment to promoting scientific understanding and critical thinking has left a profound mark on the field of biology and on society as a whole. His work serves as a reminder of the importance of evidence-based reasoning and the pursuit of knowledge.


14. International Day of the Tropics: 29 June




It is observed on 29 June annually to spread awareness about conservation strategies and to promote tropical regions on Earth. The Tropics account for 36 percent of the Earth’s landmass. It includes the Equator and parts of North and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. The inaugural State of the Tropics Report was launched on 29 June 2014.

The International Day of the Tropics is observed on June 29th each year. It is a special day dedicated to recognizing and understanding the significance of the tropical regions on our planet. The tropics refer to the areas located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.

The tropics are known for their unique characteristics, such as diverse ecosystems, abundant biodiversity, and vibrant cultures. The International Day of the Tropics aims to raise awareness about the specific challenges and opportunities that tropical countries face. It focuses on various aspects including the environment, economy, and society.

On this important day, people from different parts of the world come together to learn about and appreciate the importance of the tropics. It provides a platform for collaboration among countries and international communities to address the challenges encountered by tropical regions.

Several events, conferences, and initiatives are organized to promote sustainable practices, conservation efforts, and socioeconomic development in the tropics. By sharing knowledge and experiences, individuals and organizations contribute to the well-being and preservation of these vital regions.

The International Day of the Tropics serves as a reminder of the crucial role played by the tropics in our global ecosystem. It emphasizes the need to protect and preserve these regions for the benefit of current and future generations. Celebrating this day reflects our commitment to the sustainable development and prosperity of tropical countries and their unique environments.
















INDIAN EVENTS ON 28 JUNE

 The followings are the important events that took place on the day of 28 June in the annals of the Indian History.


On this day we celebrate the birth anniversay of these famous Indian Personalities:


1. P.V Narasimha Rao's Birthday


Born on this day in 1921, Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao  was an Indian lawyer and politician who served as the 9th Prime Minister of India from 1991 to 1996. The "Father of Indian Economic Reforms" is how people frequently refer to him. Politically speaking, his election to the position of prime minister was notable because he was only the second person to hold it from an area that did not speak Hindi and the first from South India. He oversaw a significant economic development, a significant administration, and various domestic events that had an impact on India's national security.  His government did major economic reform that saw the dismantling of what was known as License Raj where entrepreneurs faced a lot of restrictions. 

Rao was born in a small village near Karimnagar (now in Telangana, India). He studied at Fergusson College in Pune and at the Universities of Bombay (now Mumbai) and Nagpur, eventually receiving a law degree from the latter institution. He entered politics as a Congress Party activist working for independence from Britain. He served in the Andhra Pradesh state legislative assembly from 1957 to 1977, supporting Indira Gandhi in her split from the Congress Party organization in 1969; initially called the New Congress Party, the splinter group took the name Congress (I) Party in 1978. He held various ministerial positions in the Andhra Pradesh government from 1962 to 1973, including that of chief minister from 1971. In that latter post he implemented a revolutionary land-reform policy and secured political participation for the lower castes. He was elected to represent Andhra Pradesh districts in the Lok Sabha in 1972 and, under Gandhi and her son and successor, Rajiv Gandhi, served in various ministries, notably as foreign minister (1980–84, 1988–89). Besides his political career, Rao was known as a distinguished scholar-intellectual who once was chairman of the Telugu Academy in Andhra Pradesh (1968–74). He was fluent in six languages, translated Hindi verses and books, and wrote fiction in Hindi, Marathi, and Telegu.

After Rajiv Gandhi’s assassination in May 1991, the Congress (I) Party chose Rao as its leader, and he became India’s 9th prime minister after the general elections in June. Rao almost immediately began efforts to restructure India’s economy by converting the inefficient quasi-socialist structure left by Jawaharlal Nehru and the Gandhis into a free-market system. His program involved cutting government regulations and red tape, abandoning subsidies and fixed prices, and privatizing state-run industries. Those efforts to liberalize the economy spurred industrial growth and foreign investment, but they also resulted in rising budget and trade deficits and heightened inflation. During Rao’s tenure, Hindu fundamentalism became a significant force in national politics for the first time, as manifested in the growing electoral strength of the Bharatiya Janata Party and other right-wing political groupings. In 1992 Hindu nationalists destroyed a mosque, leading to sectarian violence between Hindus and Muslims that persisted throughout Rao’s term as prime minister. Corruption scandals rocked the Congress (I) Party, which continued its long decline in popularity and lost control of several major state governments to opposition parties in 1995.

Rao stepped down as prime minister in May 1996 after the Congress Party—the “(I)” designation had been dropped by then—was soundly defeated in parliamentary elections in which it garnered an all-time low share of the popular vote. Rao resigned as party chief that September, and the following year he was charged with corruption and bribery in an alleged vote-buying scheme dating from 1993. Rao, the first Indian prime minister (in or out of office) to face trial on criminal charges, was found guilty in 2000, but his conviction was later overturned.

2. Vishal Dadlani’s Birthday


Born on this day in 1973, Vishal Dadlani is an Indian playback singer and music composer. He is a member of the Vishal-Shekhar duo and the Front Man and Vocalist of Pentagram, one of the top rock bands in India. He has performed numerous hit songs in a variety of genres, including Khuda Hafiz, Dhoom Again, Kurban Hua, Jee le Zara, Marjaiyann, I feel Good, Jab Mila Tu, Tu Meri, Swag Se Swagat, Bala, Har funn Maula, and Swag Se Swagat.

3. Raj Kanwar's Birthday


Born on this day in 1961 was the director, writer and film producer of Hindi film  Industry. He was educated in Col. Brown Cambridge School in Dehradun. He has two sons with his wife Anita Kanwar- Karan Raj Kanwar and Abhay Kanwar, both of whom have worked as film directors and producers. Filmmaker K. Pappu is his elder brother. he began his career directing plays in Delhi. He then moved to Mumbai where he worked as an assistant to directors like Shekhar Kapur and Raj Kumar Santoshi. His directorial debut was Deewana. Released in 1992, the film was a box office Blockbuster and marked the screen debut of Shahrukh Khan. He directed several other box office hits like Laadla (1994), Jaan (1996), Jeet (1996), Judaai (1997), Daag: The Fire (1999) and Badal (2000). Kanwar went on to discover actors like Lara Dutta and Priyanka Chopra whom he cast in his film Andaaz in 2003.[3] His last film was Sadiyaan (2010). Anurag Singh was a Chief Assistant with him for most of films. Most of his films lead characters are named Karan and Kajal. On 3 February 2012, he died due to a kidney ailment in Singapore.

4. Jasmin Bhasin's Birthday


Jasmine bhasin is an indian model and actress who is a professional model based in new delhi she later moved to mumbai. Jasmin Bhasin (born 28 June 1990) is an Indian actress and model who works in Hindi television along with Punjabi films. She made her debut in 2011 Tamil film Vaanam. Bhasin is best known for playing Twinkle Taneja in Tashan-e-Ishq (2015-16) and Teni Bhanushali in Dil Se Dil Tak (2017-18). She also participated in reality shows like Khatron Ke Khiladi 9 , Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India and Bigg Boss 14. Her other notable works include portraying Happy mehra in Dil Toh Happy Hai Ji and Nayantara in Naagin 4: Bhagya Ka Zehreela Khel. Bhasin made her Punjabi film debut opposite Gippy Grewal in comedy drama Honeymoon (2022). Bhasin was born to a Sikh family in Kota, Rajasthan on 28 June 1990. She completed her schooling from Kota and graduated from a hospitality college in Jaipur.

5. Shiv Parsad Gupta's Birthday


Shiv Prasad Gupta (1883-1944) was a visionary, philanthropist, and leader of the Indian Freedom Movement from the Varanasi district in Uttar Pradesh. Despite hailing from a wealthy family, he spent his entire life actively participating, assisting, and financially supporting various organizations involved with the freedom struggle. He was close to Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahamana Madan Mohan Malviya, and many other nationalist leaders who he hosted in Varanasi, as they relied on his advice and help.

He established the Kashi Vidyapeeth, a state university; the Bharat Mata Mandir, a National Heritage monument; the Shiv Prasad Gupta Hospital, Varanasi's Civil Hospital; and the Hindi newspaper Aaj (the oldest continuously published Hindi newspaper). Numerous other projects and activities in Varanasi were also funded by him. He donated 150 acres of land in Akbarpur to establish India's first Gandhi Ashram to promote and sell indigenously manufactured Khadi garments. In 1928, from his home in Seva Upawan, Gupta managed the financials and preparations for the First National Congress, convened in Varanasi. Gupta was bestowed with the title Rashtra Ratna (Jewel of the Nation) by Gandhi.

Shiv Prasad Gupta is a true example of a selfless philanthropist who dedicated his life to assisting the people of Varanasi and providing them with basic necessities while instilling nationalism in them.
Source: Indian Culture Portal

6. Rajeev Verma Birthday:


Rajeev Verma is a veteran Indian actor who works mainly in film and television. He was born on June 28 in the municipality of Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh, India. He graduated Architecture in Bhopal University and later, he took a Masters in Urban Design in Delhi’s School of Planning and Architecture. During his second year in college, he started working on theatre and subsequently ventured on films and television.
 
He has been acting for more than 20-years and he mostly portrayed fatherly roles in his films. He started acting in television through the 1987 television series, which was aired on DD National. His character as the school principal received positive reviews from the audience. He was also part of Doordarshan’s Aasman Ne Jo Likha, Mujrim Hazir and Kaise Kahoon. In 2006, the actor played as Neelkanth Chandarana in the drama series, Betiyaan Apni Yaa Paraaya Dhan on STAR Plus. Rajeev also played as Shashtri in the first season of the television soap, Chotti Bahu on Zee TV. He was also cast in a cameo appearance in Rajan Shahi’s drama show, Sapna Babul Ka…Bidaai on STAR Plus in 2009. In 2011, he acted as Satyadev Kaushik on Zee TV’s Mrs. Kaushik Ki Paanch Bahuein. Recently, he bagged the role of Bauji in the drama series, Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya on the same channel.
He was notably remembers as Kishan, father of Prem (played by Salman Khan) in the box-office musical romantic film, Maine Pyar Kiya in 1989. Ten years after, he bagged a role on another Salman Khan’s starrer film, Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam. Rajeev also donned films like 90 Minutes, Mohabbat Ho Gayi Hai Tumse, Benaras 1918 and Rehguraz. Also in 1999, he portrayed the role of Adarsh in the box-office hit film, Hum Saath Saath Hain by Sooraj R. Barjatya. In the same year, he was seen in the Hindi action thriller film, Kachche Dhaage with and Ajay Devgn and the Bollywood comedy film, Biwi No. 1 by David Dhawan. He was also part of the 2001 Bollywood romantic drama film, Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke. Rajeev also acted on Akshay Kumar’s starrer film, Andaaz in 2003 and later, he was seen in the Bollywood film, Woh Tera Naam Tha. Rajeev has done many films that has proven her mettle as an actor. He portrayed the role of Dr. Vashisht in his recent film, EBN-E-Batuta, a sci-fi film under the direction of Varun Middha.
 
Rajeev was married to Rita Bhaduri, a theatre actress and the sister of popular actress, Jaya Bachchan. They founded the Bhopal Theatres group and Hotel Saral in Bhopal. They also have two sons namely, Shiladitya and Tathagat.


7. Jaspal Rana's Birhtday:


Jaspal Rana, a renowned Indian shooter, excelled in the 25-meter rapid fire pistol event.He was born on 28 June 1976, in Uttarkashi district of the state Uttarakhand. His mentor or coach was his father Narayan Singh Rana who was an officer in ITBP - Indian Tibetain Border Police. His journey as a shooter began at a tender age, displaying his passion and dedication to the sport. He made his national debut by winning silver in the 31st National Shooting Championship held at Ahemdabad in 1988  just at the age of 12. His international glory was at 46th World Shooting Championship with a world score in Milan, Italy in 1994.

At the 1994 Asian Games in Hiroshima, Japan, Rana secured a gold medal in the 25-meter center-fire pistol event, showcasing his exceptional talent.

In addition to his competitive success, Rana contributed as a coach, nurturing young talents and shaping the future of Indian shooting.

8. Mariyappan Thangavelu's Birthday:



 Mariyappan Thangavelu, an Indian Paralympic athlete, is renowned for his accomplishments in para high jump. Born on June 28, 1995, in Salem, Tamil Nadu, Thangavelu overcame adversity to achieve greatness.

In 2016, he won a gold medal in the T-42 high jump event at the Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, gaining global recognition.

Thangavelu's inspiring journey has made him a role model for aspiring para-athletes. He received the prestigious Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in 2020, India's highest sports honor.

Mariyappan Thangavelu's story symbolizes resilience and the power of determination.



On this day 28 June we observe the death anniversary of the following luminaries:


1. Chandrakant Kamat Death Anniversary:



On this day in 2010, Chandrakant Kamat passed away. He was a Hindustani classical tabla player of the Benares Tabla Gharana. In 1952, Kamat relocated to Pune, where he established himself as one of Rohini Bhate's most dependable tabla players for more than 15 years. In 1964, Samta Prasad of the Benares gharana accepted Kamat as a gandabandh disciple.

rom 1956 to 1991, Kamat also provided tabla accompaniment in Sangeet Nataks (Marathi musical plays) that featured artists like Hirabai Badodekar and Jyotsna Bhole.

During this time, Kamat also worked as a staff artist for Associated Independent Recording, Pune. Kamat was among the preferred choices for tabla accompaniment for India"s top musicians, including Bhimsen Joshi, Begum Akhtar, Hariprasad Chaurasia, Bal Gandharva, and Kumar Gandharva.

Kamat"s performances also extend to programs on Bhavgeet, Lavani, Thumri, and most notably Geet Ramayan. He holds the record for performing at the Sawai Gandharva Music Festival for fifty consecutive years.

1999 - Sangatkar Puraskar On the morning of Monday June 28, 2010, Kamat died of a cardiac arrest. 1999 - Sangatkar Puraskar 2001 - Vasundhara Pandit Puraskar.


2. Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Death Anniversary:



Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobiswas a remarkable Indian scientist and statistician who left an indelible mark on the fields of statistics and economic planning. Born on June 29, 1893, in Kolkata, India, his contributions have been invaluable to the country's progress.

Mahalanobis was the visionary behind the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), which he founded in 17 December, 1931. Serving as its first director, he nurtured the institute into a premier center for statistical research and training.

One of his notable achievements was the development of the Mahalanobis distance, a statistical measure widely used for analyzing similarities between data points in complex datasets. This pioneering concept found applications in various areas such as pattern recognition and data analysis.

Beyond statistics, Mahalanobis made significant contributions to India's economic planning. He introduced the "Mahalanobis Model" during the Second Five-Year Plan, prioritizing industrialization and heavy industries. His strategic approach had a profound impact on India's economic growth trajectory.

The nation recognized his brilliance and dedication, honoring him with the prestigious Padma Vibhushan Award in 1968, a testament to his exceptional contributions.

In recognition to the notable contributions made by (late) Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in the fields of statistics and economic planning, the Government of India has been celebrating his birth Anniversary, on 29th June, as “Statistics Day”. The Day is celebrated by holding seminars, discussions and competitions to highlights the importance of official statistics in national development.

Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis' work continues to inspire researchers, statisticians, and policymakers across the globe. His legacy is a testament to the power of innovative thinking and its ability to drive progress in society.



3.  Amar Goswami: 

Amar Gosawmi was born on 28 November 1945 in Multan (now in Pakistan) a famous Hindi litterateur and novelist. At the age of 2, his family moved from Multan (undivided India) to Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh. He graduated with an MA (Hindi), Shahitya Shiromani (Gold Medallist) and Shahitya Ratna from Allahabad University.

He used to live in his ancestral house in Mirzapur, and he found a Pandora's Box of Hindi literature in the collection of "Saraswati" editions. As a child he was influenced by the literally articles published in the Saraswati magazine, and started writing in the very early age. He was one of the regular members of the school debate team and won several debate and writing competitions. In his adolescent, he started writing poems and started reciting poems in literally group and meeting conducted by Rotary Club, Mirzapur. He has also written a book on history of Mirzapur.

He moved to Allahabad to study. commerce, at Allahabad University. Allahabad was considered at that time the literary capital of India. He became associated with stalwarts of Hindi literature like Sumitranandan Pant, Shailesh Matiyani, Naresh Mehta, Mahadevi Verma, Ilaychand Joshi and many more. He became one of the regular features of literally meetings (Sahitic Ghosthi). During that time he wrote many stories, which were broadcast on All India Radio and published in Hindi dailies like Aaj, Dainik Bhaskar, and various other magazines. He also published a literally magazine "Kathantar" and associated with Vikalp (a magazine of Late Shri. Shailesh Matiyani), Aagamikaal (a magazine of Late Shri Naresh Mehta) and Manorama (Mitra Prakashan) and Sampa (Children Magazine). His  Much praised literary work are Himayati and Mahuye Ka Ped.

Amar Goswami formed a group to organise literary meetings named "Vaichariki" in Allahabad. The literally meeting (sahitic ghosti) was an open forum where all the participants used to discuss and share their views about the most recent works of the Hindi writers of the time. It used to happen once in a month where the guest speaker used to preside in the meeting and start the discussion about the recent works of participants. The meetings featured most of the prominent Hindi writers like Sumitranandan Pant, Illaichand Joshi, Naresh Mehta, Shailesh Matiyani and many more.

After coming to Delhi, he changed his style of writing, which included the life, problems and the struggle of common man and middle class society in the metropolitan city. He used his wit to highlight the struggle of the common man and he wrote some of the masterpieces like Kalakar, Harap Ram Gadap, Buzo Bahadur, Juta, Apna Utsav, Govind Gatha etc.

His first collection of short stories "Himayati" was published in 1986, since then more than 25 books, which includes collection of short stories, novel, children books and books especially written for National Book Trust campaign on Adult Education were published. Also, he translated more than 70 books from Bengali to Hindi as he use to say- "readers should not be deprived of reading the great works due to the language constraints; and he is contributing his share by translating some works of the Bengali writers in Hindi."He has translated more than 70 books of the prominent writers including Rabindranath Tagore, Taslima Nasrin, Tarashankar Bandhopadyay, Ramanath Ray, Bibhutibhusan Bandopadyay, Nazrul Islam, Satyajit Ray and many more.

He was also a part of expert panel of NCERT workshops conducted on syllabus design and selection of stories for Hindi subject.

He is the master of writing satire and brings light to some of the common events happening around us. And his writing focuses only towards the common man's problems like super fast life of metropolitans, human relation, corruption, social discrimination, poverty and government policies and he also focused on different aspect of nature of the human being (preachers don't follow what they preach). He was able to connect people with his writing.

He was associated with prestigious magazines of the country like ‘Manorama’ and ‘Ganga’ for a long time. Amar Goswami was also the founder of the literary organization ‘Vichariki’. He also edited several literary magazines. He died on 28 June 2012 in Ghaziabad.

1. 1975 - India Imposes the Toughest Press Censorship Since Independence

Against the backdrop of anti-government protests during the Emergency in India, the Center implemented the most rigorous press censorship since independence.

2. 1921 Congress decided to boycott the visit of Prince of Wales in India.

3. 1946 Sister Alphonsa, good teacher and social worker, died at Bharananganam.

4. 1972 India and Pakistan sign Simla Pact, settling border dispute in Kashmir.

5. 1994 Sudhakarrao Naik, G. Ramanujam and O. N. Srivastava appointed          Governors.

6. 1994 Uproar in Parliament over the Government’s rejection of JPC report.

27 OCTOBER WORLD EVENTS PF PAST AND PRESENT

 27 OCTOBER WORLD EVENTS Bandanna Day: 27 OCTOBER Bandanna Day  is an annual event held on the last Friday of October in Australia to raise ...