OCTOBER 1 WORLD EVENTS

OCTOBER 1ST WORLD EVENTS

WORLD VEGETARIAN DAY 2023:

Introduction:

World Vegetarian Day is a global event that is annually celebrated on October 1st to raise awareness of the benefits of a vegetarian lifestyle which excludes meat, poultry, and fish. It is also a day to raise awareness about the ethical, environmental, and health benefits of vegetarianism.

Historical Background:

Vegetarianism has a long history, dating back to ancient times. October 1 is designated as the World Vegetarian Day in 1977 by the North American Vegetarian Society (NAVS). The North American Vegetarian Society was founded in 1850. In 1978, it was endorsed by the International Vegetarian Union which was founded in 1908.

Why Celebrate World Vegetarian Day:

World Vegetarian Day is celebrated to raise awareness of the benefits of a vegetarian lifestyle:

1. Improved health: Green Veg diets are linked to a lower risk of heart disease, stroke, Type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer.

2. Reduced environmental impact: Vegetarian diets produce fewer greenhouse gases and require less land and water than meat-based diets and overall sustain the natural Ecological balance.

3. Animal welfare: Vegetarianism helps to reduce the suffering and slaughter of animals.

US FISCAL YEAR BEGINS: 1 OCTOBER 2023

[Article Related Keywords: US fiscal year start date, fiscal year-end date, US government fiscal year, fiscal year 2023, fiscal year 2024, budget, US fiscal year, calendar year, government, organisation, financial reporting.] 

Financial Year: The financial year is defined as an accounting period of 12 months but it is different from a calendar year which starts on 1st January and ends on 31st December. The different countries adopt different dates for the start and end of their financial years which align with the budget cycle. In India, the financial year begins on 1st April and ends on 31st March.

Event Description:

The US federal government's fiscal year starts on 1st October and ends on September 30th of the following year. The US fiscal year start date is important it is the date on which the federal government begins its new budget year. 

Historical Background: The fiscal year for the US government was changed to begin on 1st October in 1976. Before that, the fiscal year began on July 1st. The change was made to give Congress more time to review and approve the budget.

DAY OF PROSECUTORS IN AZERBAIJAN: 1ST OCTOBER

[Article Related Keywords: Day of Prosecutors Azerbaijan, Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Azerbaijan, professional holiday, October 1st, government agencies, enterprises, organizations, officials, citizens, President of Azerbaijan, medals, honours, festive events, concerts]

Event Description:

October 1st is the Day of Prosecutors in Azerbaijan, a professional holiday that celebrates the work of those who protect the law and uphold justice. 

                                      The Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Azerbaijan is an independent and constitutional, national law enforcement body. The Prosecutor General, the senior most law enforcement officer, is appointed by the President of Azerbaijan and is accountable to the Milli Majlis (Parliament) of Azerbaijan. 

The Day of Prosecutors in Azerbaijan is a time to recognize the hard work and dedication of all the prosecutors who serve  Azerbaijan. It is also a time to reaffirm the importance of the rule of law and the role of the Prosecutor's Office in protecting the rights and freedom of all citizens.

Historical Background:  

The Day of Prosecutors was established by a decree of the President of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev, on July 17, 1998. The decree commemorates the establishment of the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Azerbaijan on October 1, 1918.

Geographical Location: 

Azerbaijan is an Asian country that lies in the southern Caucasus Mountain region and is surrounded by the Caspian Sea in the east, Russia and Georgia in the North, Armenia in the south and Iran in the South. Azerbaijan has also a landlocked fragmented unit that is encircled by Armenia in the east and north, Turkey in the west and Iran in the south. Its Capital Baku lies on the coast of the Caspian Sea, the lowest-lying capital city in the world below sea level. 

INTERNATIONAL DAY OF OLDER PERSONS: 1ST OCTOBER

[Article Related Keywords: International Day of Older Persons, older persons, resilience, contributions, ageing, elderly, seniors, elderly care, ageing population, ageing society, ageism, age discrimination]

Event Description:  

The International Day of Older Persons is a worldwide annual observance on 1st October to give importance to senior citizen's works and their valuable experiences in society. This day is intended to raise public awareness about the problems and challenges faced by senior citizens in their day-to-day lives such as physical and psychological health issues, financial insecurities, verbal abuse, physical and psychological abuse, financial exploitation, neglect, loss of respect and alienation. Senior Citizens are the storehouse of incredible knowledge and experience which they impart to the next generations free of cost. So, it is a day to remind all the policymakers, families and society at large to take care and look after the basic needs and human rights of older persons in order to enhance their social inclusion at a global level.

Theme:

The theme of 2023, the International Day of Older Persons is "Fulfilling the Promises of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for Older Persons: Across Generations"

Historical Background: 

On 14 December 1990, the United Nations General Assembly nominated 1st October as the International Day of Older Persons. 

DAY OF DEFENDER OF UKRAINE: 1ST OCT

[Article Related Keywords:  Defender of Ukraine Day, Ukraine, Ukrainian Armed Forces, veterans, independence, territorial integrity, Russian annexation of Crimea, War in Donbas, Soviet-era Defender of the Fatherland Day, public holiday, parades, memorials, resilience]

Event Description:

The Day of the Defender of Ukraine is a nationwide annual observance on 1st October to pay tribute to the Ukrainian soldiers who sacrificed their lives while protecting the nation and its citizens from external aggression. The Defender's Day of Ukraine was officially founded by President Petro Poroshenko in 2014 after the annexation of Crimea by Russia and the war in Donbas. 

Historical Background:

Before the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union. Ukraine declared its independence in 1991 but used to celebrate the Defender Of The Fatherland Day on 23rd February which was originally celebrated in the USSR. But after the attack on Crimea in 2014 this date and name both were changed to the Day of Defenders of Ukraine on the 1st of October. 

NIGERIA INDEPENDENCE DAY: 1st OCTOBER

[Article Related Keywords: Nigeria Independence Day, October 1st, Nigeria, independence, British rule, a national holiday, flag-raising ceremonies, parades, cultural events, green and white, Nigerian flag, patriotic songs, culture, history]

Event Description:

Nigeria Independence Day is celebrated annually on October 1st to commemorate the country's independence from British Colonial rule in 1960. 

History of Nigeria Independence Day:

Nigeria was first colonized by the British in the late 19th century. Over the next several decades, Nigeria became a British protectorate and at last, became its colony. In the early 20th century, Nigerians began to demand independence from British Imperialism. In 1960, Nigeria was granted independence from the United Kingdom of Britain. On October 1st, 1960, Nigeria became a sovereign nation.

THIRD TREATY OF SAN ILDEFONSO: 1st OCTOBER

[Article Related Keywords: Louisiana, Spain, France, US, Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, Mississippi River, New Orleans, Napoleon Bonaparte, colonial empire, North America, financial struggles, Napoleonic Wars, American navigation, military presence, American security]

Event Description:

On 1st October 1800, Spain ceded Louisiana to France in accordance with the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. Napoleon Bonaparte saw Louisiana as a valuable asset and wanted to rebuild France's colonial empire in North America. The treaty was highly confidential and was signed by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte of France and Spanish Prime Minister Manuel Godoy.

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS & SPACE ACT: 1st OCTOBER

[Article Related Keywords: NASA, NACA, National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, Space Race, Apollo program, Apollo 11, robotic spacecraft, Space Shuttle, International Space Station, human spaceflight, robotic exploration, Earth science research, aeronautics research]

On October 1, 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Act was signed into law, creating the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NASA replaced the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which had been responsible for aeronautical research in the United States since 1915.

INTERNATIONAL COFFEE DAY: 1st OCTOBER

[Article Related Keywords: International Coffee Day, coffee, beverage, coffee industry, International Coffee Organization (ICO), coffee growers, baristas, roasters, coffee brewing, coffee shop, local roaster, coffee farmer, social media, donate to charity]

Event Description: 

International Coffee Day is celebrated on October 1st every year to promote coffee and its culture around the world. It is a day to celebrate the people who grow, roast, and brew our coffee, and to enjoy the many ways that coffee brings us together.

Historical Background Of International Coffee Day

In the past, different countries celebrated their own Coffee Day on different days. The Member States of the International Coffee Organisation decided to designate an International Coffee Day on 1 October across the world in 2014.

International Coffee Day was first celebrated in 2015, and it has quickly become a global event. On this day, coffee lovers around the world come together to celebrate their favourite beverage. Many coffee shops offer discounts and promotions on International Coffee Day, and there are often special events and celebrations held around the world.

Coffee is more than just a beverage. It is also a social and cultural phenomenon. Coffee shops are often seen as places where people can come together to socialize, work, or simply relax. Coffee is also a part of many different cultural traditions and rituals.

International Coffee Day is a great opportunity to learn more about coffee and its impact on the world. It is also a great opportunity to celebrate your love of coffee with other coffee lovers around the world.

SEPTEMBER 24 WORLD EVENTS

ANNIVERSARY OF FAILED ATACK ON LOME, TOGO: 24 SEPTEMBER 

[Article Related Keywords: Anniversary of Failed Attack on Lomé, Togo, failed coup attempt, Togo, Gnassingbé Eyadéma, political instability, resilience, democracy, peace]

Geographical Location:

Togo is a Sub-Saharan West African country sandwiched between Ghana to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Benin to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. Lome is the port capital city situated on the bank of the Gulf of Guinea.

Event Description: 

The Anniversary of the Failed Attack on Lomé, Togo is annually celebrated on September 24th. It commemorates the unsuccessful coup attempt that took place in the capital city of Togo on 24 September 1986. The coup was led by a group of exiled Togolese dissidents, who crossed the border from Ghana in an attempt to overthrow the government of President General Gnassingbé Eyadéma. The coup attempt was quickly foiled by Togolese security forces, and the dissidents were either killed or captured. This day is not a public holiday and is celebrated as a reminder of the country's history of political instability, but also of the resilience of the Togolese people in the face of adversity. This year (2023) marks the 37th Anniversary of the failed coup.

PERU'S ARMED FORCES DAY: 24 SEPTEMBER 

Geographical Location:

Peru is a South American country situated on the western coast of the South Pacific Ocean. Peru lies between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn whose capital port city is Lima. It is bounded by Colombia and Ecuador in the north, Brazil and Bolivia in the east and Chile is its southern neighbour.

Event Description: 

Armed Forces Day is annually celebrated on September 24th in Peru to honour the Peruvian Defence Forces, which are made up of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. They played a major role in Peru's independence from Spain in the early 19th century, and they have continued to defend Peru's sovereignty and territorial integrity ever since.

 

The Peruvian Armed Forces also play an important role in civil defence, disaster management and humanitarian missions in times of need besides playing a significant role in the economic and social development of the country and in promoting national unity.  

Armed Forces Day was established in 1977 through a Supreme Decree and the date of September 24 was chosen due to the consecration of the Virgin of La Merced as Patroness of the Armed Institutes and Grand Marshal of Peru.

NATIONAL PUNCTUATION DAY: 24 SEPTEMBER

[Article Related Keywords: Punctuation Day, September 24th, punctuation, writing, communication, clarity, effectiveness, moods, effects, period, comma, semicolon, colon, question mark, exclamation point, proofread]

Event Description:

National Punctuation Day is celebrated annually on September 24th in the US since 2004. A day marked for the importance of punctuation in our language helps us to read and understand the text more easily and also helps us to write more clearly and effectively. Punctuation Day is observed to educate people on the correct use of punctuation which makes communication effective and more meaningful. Punctuation refers to marks and signs used to separate sentences, ideas and clauses, to indicate pauses, and to show the relationship between words and phrases. They can also be used to convey emotion and tone.

Background:

Punctuation Day was established in 2004 by an American professional speaker Jeff Rubin who used to train companies, organizations, and professional agencies about effective writing and communication skills.

History Of Punctuation:

1. The first punctuation mark was the period, which was used in ancient Greece and Rome.

2. The comma was invented in the 3rd century BC by Aristophanes of Byzantium.

3. The semicolon was invented in the 15th century by Aldus Manutius.

4. The colon was invented in the 16th century by Niccolò Machiavelli.

5. The question mark and exclamation point were invented in the 15th century by Johannes Gutenberg.

Trending Punctuation:

# and @ are the most trending punctuation marks used nowadays.

CONSTITUTIONAL DAY OF CAMBODIA: 24 SEPTEMBER

Event Description:

Constitutional Day is an annual celebration on 24 September in Cambodia to commemorate the adoption of the Cambodian Constitution in 1993. The Constitution established Cambodia as a constitutional monarchy and enshrined a number of fundamental rights and freedoms for the Cambodian people, including the right to life, liberty, and security of person; the right to freedom of expression, opinion, and assembly; and the right to a fair trial.

Background:

On this date in 1933, the Cambodian Constitution was signed by the late King Father Norodom Sihanouk and was officially promulgated after the National Assembly approved it.

BATTLE OF MONTERREY: 21 TO 24 SEPTEMBER

[Article Related Keywords: Battle of Monterrey, Mexican-American War, Zachary Taylor, Pedro de Ampudia, Monterrey, Mexico, turning point, pitched battle, strategic victory, casualties, destruction, diplomacy, cooperation]

Event Description:

The Battle of Monterrey was a subset of the Mexican-American War which took place from September 21 to 24, 1846, between the American army and the Mexican army. The Americans attacked Monterrey City from the east and west, and the Mexicans put up a strong defence. This war lasted for four days and on the fourth day, the Americans launched a final assault and captured the city.

The Mexican-American War began on May 13, 1846, and ended on February 2, 1848, with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

NEW CALEDONIA DAY: NEW CALEDONIA CITIZENSHIP DAY 24 SEPTEMBER

[Article Related Keywords: New Caledonia Day, September 24th, French overseas collectivity, South Pacific, Kanak people, French culture, Melanesian culture, Polynesians, Asians, Europeans, celebration, diversity, multiculturalism]

Geographical Location:

New Caledonia is an archipelago in Melanesia, which comprises the principal island of Grande Terre and several groups of smaller islands. New Caledonia is located in the South Pacific Ocean just above the Tropic of Capricorn and to the east of Australia and west of Fiji.

Event Description:

New Caledonia Day is celebrated on September 24th each year to commemorate the date in 1853 when the French took formal possession of the archipelago. The holiday is also known as Citizenship Day, as it marks the day that New Caledonian people were granted French citizenship in 1957.

Historical Background:

New Caledonia had been under French Rule since 1853. It was discovered by James Cook, a British navigator in 1774 who had christened this archipelago country as New Caledonia which was inhibited by the native Kanaks.

On September 24, 1853, French Admiral Febvrier Despointes officially declared New Caledonia a French colony. It was originally used as a penal colony for criminals and political prisoners. In 1946, it became an overseas territory. Several years later, all New Caledonians were granted French citizenship.

The Noumea Accord was signed in 1988 to give New Caledonia progressive governing independence but its residents cast their vote to remain in the Guardianship of France in the last three referendums held in the years 2018, 2020 and 2021.

US CLIFFORD-ELSEY REPORT: TOP SECRET REPORT ON THE SOVIET UNION (USSR) COLD WAR

[Article Related Keywords: Clark Clifford, Cold War, George Elsey, Harry S. Truman, Subject Military, History Political, History, US History since 1945, Clifford-Elsey Report, Soviet Union, Cold War, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, Cold War documents, declassified documents]

Event Description:

The Clifford-Elsey Report was a top-secret report on the Soviet Union that was presented to the USA's 33rd President Harry S. Truman on 24 September 1946. The report was commissioned by Truman in response to growing concerns about the Soviet Union's intentions in the aftermath of World War II.

Clifford-Elsey Report:

The report was jointly compiled by Clark Clifford, a White House counsel, and George Elsey, a State Department official. It was considered the brainchild of US foreign policy after World War II and in the era of the Cold War in a tense atmosphere of USSR geopolitical expansion policy. The Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) are the offshoots of the Clifford-Elsey Report. The report created an aura of distrust and chariness in foreign policy between the USA and the USSR for decades. It helped to convince Truman that the United States was required to adopt a more confrontational approach to the Soviet Union. The report concluded that the Soviet Union was a totalitarian state that was hostile to the United States and its allies. It also warned that the Soviet Union was likely to expand its influence in Europe and Asia in the years to come.

TRENDING NEWS OF INDIA AND ABROAD

New York City Experiences Wettest Day in Decades, Causing Major Flooding and Transportation Disruptions

[Article Related Keywords: New York City, wettest day in decades, flooding, transportation disruptions, subway, commuter rail, LaGuardia Airport, John F. Kennedy Airport, Hurricane Donna, National Weather Service, Brooklyn]

New York City experienced its wettest day in decades on Friday, September 30, 2023, as heavy rainfall caused major flooding and transportation disruptions. Some 8.65 inches of rain fell at John F. Kennedy Airport, surpassing the record for any September day set during Hurricane Donna in 1960. Parts of Brooklyn saw more than 7.25 inches of rain, with at least one spot recording 2.5 inches in a single hour.

The flooding caused widespread damage to homes and businesses and disrupted transportation throughout the city. Several subway and commuter rail lines were knocked out, and drivers were stranded on flooded highways. Some streets were turned into small lakes, and a terminal at LaGuardia Airport was shut down for hours.

New York City Mayor Eric Adams declared a state of emergency in response to the flooding. City officials urged residents to stay home if possible and to avoid travel unless absolutely necessary.

The flooding is a reminder of the growing threat of climate change. As the planet warms, extreme weather events are becoming more common and more severe. City officials are working to improve the city's infrastructure to make it more resilient to flooding and other climate change impacts.

New York City's devastating flooding on Friday, September 30, 2023, evoked memories of the tragic Hurricane Ida in 2021, which killed at least 13 people in the city, mostly in flooded basement apartments.

Fortunately, no deaths or severe injuries have been reported from the latest flooding. But the damage to homes and businesses is extensive, and the storm has stirred up frightening memories for many New Yorkers.

The flooding is a reminder of the growing threat of climate change. As the planet warms, extreme weather events are becoming more common and more severe. City officials are working to improve the city's infrastructure to make it more resilient to flooding and other climate change impacts.

Rs 2,000 Banknote Exchange Deadline Extended to October 7, 2023: New Rules and Procedures

[Article Related Keywords: Rs 2,000 banknotes, deadline extension, exchange limit, RBI Issue Offices, Indian bank accounts, valid identity documents, RBI's due diligence procedures, law enforcement agencies, government departments, public authorities, grievances, RBI-Integrated Ombudsman Scheme (RB-IOS), 2021, demonetisation, currency requirements]

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has extended the deadline for exchanging or depositing Rs 2,000 banknotes from September 30, 2023, to October 7, 2023. After this date, Rs 2,000 banknotes will no longer be accepted at bank branches. However, individuals and entities can still exchange Rs 2,000 banknotes at the 19 RBI Issue Offices, with a limit of Rs 20,000 per transaction.

Here are the new procedures for exchanging Rs 2,000 banknotes, effective from October 8, 2023:

1. Deposits or exchanges at bank branches will no longer be accepted.

2. Individuals and entities can exchange Rs 2,000 banknotes at the 19 RBI Issue Offices, with a limit of Rs 20,000 per transaction.

3. Individuals and entities can also deposit Rs 2,000 banknotes at the 19 RBI Issue Offices and credit them to their Indian bank accounts.

4. Domestic individuals and entities have the option to send Rs 2,000 banknotes via India Post to any of the 19 RBI Issue Offices for crediting to their bank accounts in India.

5. Courts, law enforcement agencies, government departments, or other public authorities involved in investigations or enforcement can deposit or exchange Rs 2,000 banknotes at any of the 19 RBI Issue Offices without any set limit.

Background: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced the Rs 2,000 denomination banknote in November 2016 to quickly meet the currency requirements of the economy following the demonetisation of all Rs 500 and Rs 1000 banknotes in circulation at that time. However, the production of Rs 2,000 banknotes ceased in 2018-19 after achieving this objective and with an ample supply of banknotes in other denominations.

According to the RBI website, a majority of the Rs 2,000 denomination notes were issued prior to March 2017 and have reached the end of their estimated lifespan of 4-5 years. Additionally, the RBI has observed that this denomination is not commonly used for transactions, and the stock of banknotes in other denominations continues to be sufficient to meet the currency requirements of the public.

SEPTEMBER 23 WORLD EVENTS 

INTERNATIONAL CELEBRATE BISEXUALITY DAY: BI+AWARENWSS WEEK OR #BIWEEK -16 TO 23 SEPTEMBER

[Article Related Keywords: bisexual rights, bisexual community, bisexual visibility, International Celebrate Bisexuality Day, LGBT community, marginalization, discrimination, celebration, culture, history, norms, awareness, challenges]

Introduction: International Celebrate Bisexuality Day is an annual observance celebrated on September 22nd throughout the world. It was created in the US by three bisexual rights activists to give social recognition, social acceptance and basic rights to the bisexual community that was often devalued, discriminated and marginalised in mainstream society. The aim of Bisexuality Day is to impart social inclusion, history and cultural acceptance, and reduce stereotypes associated with them. They used to face many challenges in their day-to-day life apart from social division and inequalities due to their bisexual identity.

Definition of Bisexual: The term “bisexual” is used to describe an individual who experiences or engages in emotional, romantic and sexual attractions or relationships with more than one sex or gender, at some times and not others.

Background: The International Celebrate Bisexuality Day or Bi Visibility Day was created in 1999 by three bisexual rights activists viz. Wendy Curry, Michael Page, and Gigi Raven Wilbur in the USA in 1999. The bisexual community's flag comprises purple, blue, and pink colours. The psychology of Monosexism and Biphobia is the root cause of their discrimination and social rejection and deprives them of their social, economic and political rights. In the US various steps were taken for the betterment of the Bisexual Community by the Judiciary and Legislative and they are also admitted to the defence sector.

INTERNATIONAL DAY OF SIGN AND LANGUAGES:

Introduction: The day of 23 September marks the annual observance of the International Day Of Sign and Languages which was first observed in 2018 to promote and support sign languages and acknowledge the identity, social inclusion and acceptance of deaf individuals in our society. This day facilitates sign language as a chief mode of communication for those who suffer from hearing impairs and to enhance their interaction in society. The theme for 2023 - International Day Of Sign and Languages: A World Where Deaf People Can Sign Anywhere. In India, the deaf and other disabled individuals are now termed Divyanga (दिव्याङ्ग) which refers to a “divine body.”

Definition of Sign Languages: The languages of signs are speechless gestures of an individual's body parts or expressions for communication. It includes facial gestures, lip movement, and body language.

Background: The World Federation of the Deaf (WFD), is a global organization that was established in Rome, Italy with the aim to fight for the deaf community's human rights and the preservation of sign languages and deaf cultures. WFD proposed the UN to mark its foundation day, 23 September 1951, as the International Day Of Sign and Languages. The International Day of Sign Languages was first celebrated in 2018 as part of the International Week of the Deaf after the acceptance of its proposal by UNGA in 2017.

US NATIONAL PUBLIC LANDS: 23 SEPTEMBER

[Article Related Keywords: National Public Lands Day, volunteer, public lands, environment, stewardship, recreation, education]

National Public Lands Day is an annual event celebrated on the fourth Saturday of September in the US. It was the largest single-day volunteer event for public lands in 2022.

National Public Lands Day is an opportunity to get involved in the community and help protect US public lands. Volunteers participate in a variety of projects to help care for public lands, such as planting trees, cleaning up trails, removing invasive species, and restoring habitat.

JABALIA CAMP INCIDENT DURING ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT: 23 SEPTEMBER 2005

The Jabalia Camp incident was a controversial event that occurred on September 23, 2005, during the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. A group of Hamas militants were holding a rally in the Jabalia refugee camp in the Gaza Strip to celebrate the recent Israeli disengagement from Gaza. During the rally, there was an explosion that killed at least 19 Palestinians, including both militants and civilians.

DISCOVERY OF NEPTUNE: NEPTUNE DAY: 22 SEP. 1846

Neptune, the eighth and outermost planet in our solar system, was discovered on September 23, 1846, by German astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle at Berlin Observatory. Galle's discovery was the culmination of a decade of work by astronomers around the world, who had observed irregularities in the orbit of Uranus that suggested the existence of an unseen planet beyond it.

The most significant contribution to the discovery of Neptune was made by French mathematician Urbain Le Verrier, who used Newton's laws of gravity to calculate the position of the unseen planet. Le Verrier's calculations were so accurate that Galle was able to find Neptune within one degree of its predicted position on the first night of his search.

AMERICAN NAVAL VICTORY IN BATTLE OF FLAMBOROUGH HEAD: 23 SEPTEMBER 1779

The Battle of Flamborough Head was a naval battle that occurred on September 23, 1779, in the North Sea between the French-American joint naval force and the British navy in which the former head was a Navy officer John Paul Jones became victorious.

VOLKSWAGEN EMISSIONS SCANDAL: 23 SEPT 2015

On 18 September 2015, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a notice to Volkswagen that it had cheated on emissions tests. Volkswagen had programmed its cars to turn on pollution controls only during testing. In real-world driving, the cars emitted up to 40 times more pollution than allowed by law. Volkswagen CEO Martin Winterkorn resigns on 23 September 2015. The Volkswagen Emission Scandal is also known as Dieselgate or Emissionsgate.

CASCADE MALL SHOOTING: 23 SEPTEMBER 2016

The Cascade Mall shooting was a senseless tragedy that claimed the lives of five innocent people. It was also a wake-up call to the Burlington community, and to the US as a whole, about the dangers of gun violence and mental illness. The shooter, Arcan Cetin, was a young man with a troubled past. He had a history of mental illness. On the day of the shooting, Cetin entered the Cascade Mall, Burlington, Washington, armed with an assault rifle and a handgun. He opened fire in the mall's food court, killing five and injuring many.

SAUDI NATIONAL DAY: 23rd SEPTEMBER

[Article Related Keywords: Saudi National Day, September 23rd, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, unification, festivities, parades, fireworks, cultural performances, tradition, history, culture, achievements]

 

Geographical Location: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is situated in West Africa and covers most part of the Arabian Peninsula. This country's capital is Riyadh and is the birthplace of the Muslim Religion, famous for the Mecca and Medina Pilgrimage.

Event Description: 

Saudi Arabi National Day is an annual celebration on 23rd September in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to commemorate the unification of the Kingdom and its foundation by King Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud in 1932. 

THE CURRENT TRENDING NEWS:

DISEASE X: Scientists across the world are issuing warnings about a new potential pandemic called 'Disease X'. They say this disease could be 20 times deadlier than the Wuhan Virus.  Disease X is an unknown pathogen that could cause a serious international epidemic. The experts will recommend a list of priority pathogens that need further research and investment. The process will include both scientific and public health criteria, as well as criteria related to socioeconomic impact, access, and equity. The current list includes COVID-19, Crimean-Cong haemorrhagic fever, Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus disease, Lassa fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Nipah and henipaviral diseases, Rift Valley fever, Zika and Disease X. It may have a similar impact as the Spanish Flu.

The WHO dubbed the potential next pandemic as Disease X and said that it may already be on its way. According to health expert Dame Kate Bingham - who chaired the UK's vaccine taskforce in 2020, Disease X may have the capacity to result in 20 times more fatalities (approximately 50 million fatalities) as compared to Covid-19. Speaking to the Daily Mail, Bingham said, “The world will have to prepare for mass vaccination drives and deliver the doses in record time…Imagine Disease X is as infectious as measles with the fatality rate of Ebola (67 per cent). Somewhere in the world, it's replicating, and sooner or later, somebody will start feeling sick.” Currently, there is no approved vaccine available for ‘Disease X’. Stressing on the importance of scientists developing a collection of different prototype vaccines for every threatening virus family, Bingham said that just a head start on vaccines for the deadly virus may help target its specific features.

OUTBREAK OF NIPAH VIRUS IN KERALA

The Nipah virus is a rare but deadly zoonotic virus that can cause severe respiratory illness in humans. It is transmitted from fruit bats to humans, and can also be spread through direct contact with infected people or animals. The Nipah virus has a high fatality rate, ranging from 40-75%.

On August 30, 2023, a 49-year-old man died in Kozhikode district of Kerala, India, after testing positive for the Nipah virus. This was the first confirmed case of Nipah in Kerala since 2021. As of September 26, 2023, there have been two deaths and six confirmed cases of the Nipah virus in Kerala. Kozhikode: The government has withdrawn the Nipah containment zones in Vadakara taluk. However, the general restrictions on public gatherings would continue. People are asked to avoid unnecessary gatherings until October 1. Face masks and hand hygiene are strictly enforced.

The Kerala government has taken a number of steps to control the outbreak, including:

Contact tracing and quarantine of all high-risk contacts

Surveillance and testing of suspected cases

Public education and awareness campaigns

Closure of schools and other public places in the affected area

The World Health Organization (WHO) is also providing technical support to the Kerala government.

Symptoms of Nipah virus infection

The symptoms of Nipah virus infection typically appear within 4-14 days of exposure. The early symptoms of Nipah virus infection are similar to those of other respiratory illnesses, such as fever, headache, muscle pain, and cough. However, the virus can progress to more severe symptoms, such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), seizures, and coma.

Prevention of Nipah virus infection

There is no vaccine or specific treatment for Nipah virus infection. However, there are a number of things that people can do to reduce their risk of exposure to the virus, including:

Avoiding contact with fruit bats and their urine or droppings

Washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating them

Cooking meat and eggs thoroughly

Avoiding close contact with people who are sick with Nipah virus

SEPTEMBER 22 WORLD EVENTS

Day For The Welfare Of Cancer Patients: Rose Day 22 Sept.

Introduction: The Day for the Welfare of Cancer Patients is observed for the well-being of cancer patients and their caretakers by inducing courage, hope, peace and happiness in their lives and helping them to fight cancer with a smile on their faces. The mind is everything we think we become, so if we keep encouraging cancer patients that we are always supportive of them, they can live better and healthier lives with a positive frame of mind. A sense of togetherness needs to be created in the minds of cancer patients and their grief-stricken caretakers who have developed a deep sense of loneliness. Rose (red) is a symbol of love, passion and compassion which emanates positive vibes when gifted to anyone. So, on this day we used to gift roses to cancer patients and caretakers in the hope that cancer, a deadly disease, can be delayed with a shower of love and compassion.

Event Date: The Day for the Welfare of Cancer Patients also popularly known as Rose Day is annually celebrated on 22 September in the medical field.

Background: A 12-year-old Canadian girl, Melinda Rose was suffering from Askin's tumour, a rare blood cancer. The doctor told her that she would die within a few weeks but she did not lose hope and started living her life with new zeal by visiting other cancer patients, supporting them emotionally and showing solidarity with the caretaker and their family members. She used to share poems, stories and emails with cancer patients and try to bring hope and happiness into their lives. By doing so, she went on living another six months which were the most joyful life of her entire life span despite of diagnosis with a dreadful blood cancer.

Ohio Emancipation Day: Racial Justice & End of Slavery

[Article Related Keywords: Ohio Emancipation Day, September 22nd, Emancipation Proclamation, Abraham Lincoln, Gallia County, southeastern Ohio, oldest Emancipation Day celebration in the United States, statewide celebrations, concerts, historical re-enactments, food, Black Americans, racial justice.]

Introduction: Ohio Emancipation Day is annually celebrated on September 22nd to commemorate the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation by President Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862. The Emancipation Proclamation declared that all enslaved people in the Confederate states in rebellion against the Union were free. It is also a time to celebrate the contributions of Black Americans to Ohio and the nation.

Background: Ohio Emancipation Day has been celebrated annually since 1863 in Gallia County in southeastern Ohio, making it the oldest Emancipation Day celebration in the US.

Bulgaria Independence Day: Celebrate the Country's Freedom From the Ottman Empire

[Article Related Keywords: Bulgaria Independence Day, Bulgarian War of Independence, Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria, Tsarevets Fortress, Veliko Tarnovo, parades, concerts, memorials, monuments, Bulgarian culture, Bulgarian history, Shipka Pass monument.]

Geographical Location: Bulgaria is a Balkan state facing the Black Sea in the east and surrounded by Romania, Serbia and Macedonia, and Greece and Turkey's Istanbul in the North, West and South respectively. The capital city of Bulgaria is Sofia.

On 22nd September 1908, Prince Ferdinand declared the Independence of Bulgaria from Tsarevets fortress in Veliko Tarnovo erstwhile capital of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire. Since then Bulgaria has celebrated its Independence Day annually on September 22nd. Bulgarians visit the Shipka Pass monument to commemorate the Battle of Shipka Pass, a decisive victory for the Bulgarian army during the Bulgarian War of Independence.

Committee of European Economic Co-operation (CEEC): Marshall Plan & Rebuilding Europe After World War II

On this day, 22 September 1947, the Committee of European Economic Co-operation (CEEC) representatives of sixteen European Countries concluded their final meeting in Paris. CEEC was a joint European conference that was organised to settle the priorities for the economic recovery of worn-torn Europe after World War II and to facilitate the administration of the Marshall Plan.

Celebrating American Business Women's Day: 22 Sept

Introduction: American Business Women's Day, is observed annually on September 22nd to recognize and celebrate the remarkable contributions and accomplishments of women in the American business world. This day emphasizes the essential role women play in various industries and professions, encouraging support for their professional growth and empowerment. It's an opportunity to acknowledge their leadership, entrepreneurship, and determination while promoting gender equality in the workplace.

Background: During World War II, housewives' lives changed significantly as they filled various roles in the workforce, even taking jobs typically held by men who joined the military. This marked the first time women showcased their abilities outside of traditional housewife roles. However, after the war, many returned to their previous roles. Some women desired to stay in their new jobs. On 22 September 1949, in a Kansas City coffee shop, Hilary Bufton Jr., Shirley Cupp, Irma Beisel, and Frances Stuckey founded the American Business Women’s Association. In 1983 and 1986, American Business Women’s Day gained official recognition through a Congressional resolution and a proclamation by President Ronald Reagan.

Resistance Fighting Day in Estonia: Vastupanuvõitluse päev: Otto Tief Government Day Otto Tiefi valitsuse päev

Resistance Fighting Day in Estonia is an annual observance day on September 22nd to mark the beginning of the Estonian Resistance Movement launched by Otto Tief against the Soviet occupation in 1944. The day honours the failed attempt of Otto Tief who was a Lawyer, politician and commander, to restore the freedom of Estonia.

Day of Baltic Unity: Baltic Unity Day 22 September 2000

[Article Related Keywords: Day of Baltic Unity, Latvia, Lithuania, Baltic States, Battle of Saule, Šiauliai, Samogitian tribes, Semigallian tribes, Livonian Brothers of the Sword, shared history, camaraderie, unity]

The Day of Baltic Unity is celebrated annually by two neighbouring Baltic States Latvia and Lithuania on 22nd September since 2000, when the Baltic Unity Day was officially recognized by the parliaments of both countries. It commemorates the Battle of Saule (Šiauliai) in 1236, where the local Samogitian and Semigallian tribes stood against the invading Livonian Brothers of the Sword knights. The battle is seen as a significant historical event that united the Baltic tribes in their fight against foreign invaders and opposed the forced conversion of tribes to Christianity.

Steel Strike of 1919: A Major Labor Action in the US Steel Industry

[Article Related Keywords: Steel Strike of 1919, American Federation of Labor (AFL), Elbert H. Gary, strikebreakers, National Guard, labour movement, the union movement, workers' rights]

The Steel Strike of 1919 was a major labour action in the United States Steel Industry. About 350,000 workers went on strike to demand higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions, as well as to protest the steel companies' refusal to recognize unions. The strike lasted for over four months and was met with fierce opposition from the steel companies and the US government. The steel companies, led by Elbert H. Gary, refused to negotiate with the union and used violence and intimidation to break the strike. The strike eventually collapsed in January 1920, which was a major setback for the labour movement in the US.

SEPTEMBER 21 WORLD EVENTS

WORLD EVENTS OF SEPTEMBER 21: PRESENT AND PAST

Rescue Benghazi Day: Libyans Protest Islamist Militias

Rescue Benghazi Day is a peaceful protest by thousands of Libyans who marched in Benghazi in support of democracy and against the Islamist militias that were involved in the attack on the US consulate that killed four Americans including the US Ambassador Christopher Stevens. The protesters considered that the attack on the US embassy  was  an excessive revengeful step taken by the militia groups

The "Rescue Benghazi Day" demonstration called for the government to disband armed groups that have refused to give up their weapons since the Libiya Revolt in 2011. The protest was against the militias and it was their demand that all of them should join the army or security forces as individuals, not as groups.

Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley Convert to Bank Holding Companies in 2008

[Article Related Keywords: Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, bank holding company, financial crisis, Federal Reserve, regulation]

On September 21, 2008, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley converted to bank holding companies, becoming the last two big investment banks to do so. The conversion was approved by the Federal Reserve and came in the midst of the global financial crisis. The conversion to bank holding company status was a significant step for Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley. It marked the end of an era of deregulation and the beginning of a new era of stricter regulation for the financial industry.

There were three reasons why Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley chose to become bank holding companies.

First, it gave them access to the Federal Reserve's discount window, which is a backup source of funding for depository institutions. This was important at a time when markets were frozen and it was difficult for banks to borrow money.

Second, becoming a bank holding company meant that Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley would be subject to stricter regulation, but it also came with greater legitimacy and stability. This was important for reassuring investors and clients, and for attracting new business.

Third, becoming a bank holding company allowed Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley to expand their range of products and services. For example, they could now accept deposits from customers, which would give them a more stable source of funding.

Iraq Bombings on September 21, 2013: A Devastating Day of Carnage

[Article Related Keywords: Iraq bombings 2013, September 21 attacks, Sadr City funeral bombing, Iraq violence, car bombings, suicide bombings, casualties, Baghdad attacks]

On September 21, 2013, Iraq was rocked by a wave of car and suicide bombings. These coordinated attacks targeted both central and northern regions of the country, with the most significant devastation occurring during a funeral in Sadr City, a predominantly Shi'ite neighbourhood in Baghdad. The series of bombings resulted in a devastating toll, claiming the lives of at least 115 people and leaving more than 200 others severely injured.

1999 Taiwan Earthquake: 7.6 Richter Natural Disaster

[1999 Taiwan earthquake, earthquake, Taiwan, disaster, casualties, damage, homeless, recovery]

On September 21, 1999, Taiwan was shaken by a catastrophic earthquake. This seismic disaster resulted in a devastating loss of life, with more than 2,400 casualties. Additionally, the earthquake wreaked havoc on countless buildings, leaving them damaged or in ruins. The aftermath of the disaster left approximately 100,000 people homeless, underscoring the immense scale of the tragedy and the urgent need for recovery efforts.

Zond- 6: First Spacecraft to Land in Water Sept 21, 1968

[Articel Related Keywords: Zond 6, space exploration, spacecraft landing in water, Soviet space program, September 21, 1968]

On September 21, 1968, an unusual incident happened with the Zond-6 probe launched by the USSR. When it was coming back to Earth, it didn't land where it was supposed to on the ground but landed in the water of the Indian Ocean. This was the first time a spacecraft had landed in the water in the history of space exploration because it showed that we could bring things back from space in a new way.

Japanese Bombing of Canton: A Barbaric Act of War

[Article Related Keywords: Japanese bombing of Canton, September 21, 1937, Japanese invasion of China, civilian casualties, war crime, crime against humanity, international outrage, Chinese resistance, Chinese nationalism]

On September 21, 1937, Japanese warplanes carried out a relentless bombing of the city of Canton, China, for a shocking one and a half hours. This brutal attack resulted in the tragic loss of thousands of innocent civilian lives as areas, including markets, schools, and hospitals were targeted and the whole city was devastated. The barbaric act of war was a crime against humanity and a clear violation of the laws of war that provoked international outrage on one hand while on the other hand, it filled the hearts of Chinese civilians with nationalism.

Armenian Independence Referendum: Armenia Declares Independence from the Soviet Union on Sept 21, 1991

[Article Related Keywords: Armenia, independence, Soviet Union, New Union Treaty, referendum, 99.5%, freedom, self-determination, fall of the Soviet Union]

On September 21, 1991, Armenia held a referendum on independence from the erstwhile USSR. The referendum was held after Armenia refused to sign the New Union Treaty, which was an attempt to reform the Soviet Union into a looser federation. The Armenian people overwhelmingly voted in favour of freedom.

Belize Independence Day: 21st September 1981

[Article Related Keywords: Belize Independence Day, September 21, 1981, United Kingdom, Central America, Mexico, Guatemala, national holiday, parades, festivals, history, culture, progress, future]

Belize is a small country located in Central America, capital Belmopan, celebrated its independence day on September 21st of every year from the United Kingdom Of Britain in 1981.

Malta Independence Day: 21st September 1964

[Article Related Keywords: Malta Independence Day, September 21, 1964, United Kingdom, Mediterranean Sea, history, culture, progress, future]

Malta is an archipelago country whose capital is Valletta, situated between Sicily and the North African coast in the central Mediterranean. Malta Independence Day is celebrated on September 21st of every year to commemorate the country's independence from the United Kingdom Of Britain in 1964.

International Day of Peace: World Peace Day

Every year on September 21, the world observes the International Day of Peace, a significant global event dedicated to promoting peace and harmony. This United Nations-established day serves as a platform to emphasize the importance of peace and encourages individuals and nations to engage in conflict resolution, understanding, and the pursuit of a more peaceful and equitable society

This year's theme of International Day of Peace is "Actions for Peace: Our Ambition for the #GlobalGoals". This year's 2023 World Peace Day celebration coincides with the midpoint milestone of the SDG summit (18 – 19 September)

In 1981, the United Nations established the International Day of Peace and in 2001, unanimously designated the Day as a chapter of non-violence and cease-fire.

Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day: Celebrating the Father of Ghana

[Article Related Keywords: Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day, September 21, Ghana, African independence movement, Pan-Africanism, social justice, economic development, authoritarian tendencies, giant of African history, father of the nation, celebrate Nkrumah's life and legacy, pay tribute to his achievements, vision for Africa, challenges that Ghana faces today, build a better future for Ghana, ceremony, event, writings, speeches, documentaries, impact on Ghana and Africa]

Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day is celebrated on September 21st of every year in Ghana to commemorate the life and legacy of Ghana's first president, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah. Nkrumah was a leading figure in the African independence movement, and he played a key role in leading Ghana to independence from the United Kingdom in 1957.

Nkrumah was a visionary leader who had a grand vision for Africa. He believed that Africa should be united and independent, and he worked tirelessly to promote Pan-Africanism. Nkrumah was also a strong advocate for social justice and economic development. He implemented a number of policies aimed at improving the lives of Ghanaians, including providing free education and healthcare.

World Alzheimer's Day: 21 September

[Article Related Keywords: World Alzheimer's Day, September 21, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, neurological disorder, memory, thinking, behaviour, progressive, challenges, caregivers, understanding, support]

Globally, every year the whole month of September is observed as World Alzheimer's Month while the 21st of September is marked as World Alzheimer's Day to educate about Alzheimer's disease, its symptoms, causes and mitigating remedies and its various misconceptions to the patients and their wards. Alzheimer's Disease is classified as a type of Dementia and it differs from age-related memory loss.

BACKGROUND:

Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI) is an organisation founded in 1984 with the objective of helping Alzheimer's disease patients and their families. ADI also runs Alzheimer's University and declared 21st September 1994 as the first World Alzheimer's Day on the eve of its tenth foundation day anniversary at Edinburgh, the hilly capital city of Scotland. In 2012, the first Alzheimer's Month campaign was observed.

Alzheimer's Disease: It is a progressive brain disorder that affects memory, thinking and behaviour. In this disease, the patient's brain shrinks in size and shape leading to a slow decline in memory, thinking, behaviour and social skills.

Alzheimer's is a severe brain disorder of memory loss and confusion, if not diagnosed and managed on time, can adversely impact one's mental abilities of learning, thinking, reasoning, remembering, problem-solving, decision-making, and attention, which could compromise one's day-to-day life activities and control over emotions. Finland, a Nordic Region Scandinavian country ranks first with the maximum number of Alzheimer's patients in the world.

Discovery: It was discovered by a German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer in 1901 and derived its name from his surname, Alzheimer.

Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease:

Initial phase symptoms include Memory loss, difficulty in performing day-to-day tasks, trouble with speech, personality changes and mood swings.

Last Phase Symptoms include frequent statements repetition, forgetting names of family members, misplacement of things and having trouble in expressing thoughts and emotions.

Remedies: As such there is no permanent cure for Alzheimer's. However, medication can help mitigate the risk and reduce its rate of development. Yoga, meditation. maintaining a good lifestyle and breathing exercises significantly help to reduce the risk of this disease.

Risk Factors: Individuals above 65 age, Genetics, Depression, Brain Injury, Alcohol and Smoking Addiction.

2023 THEME: The theme for 2023, World Alzheimer's Day is "Never too early, never too late".

The past themes for World Alzheimer's Day are:

YEAR	THEME OF WORLD ALZHIMER’S DAY 21 SEPTEMBER
2022	Know Dementia, Know Alzheimer's
2021	Know Dementia, Know Alzheimer's
2020	Let's talk about dementia
2019	Let's talk about dementia
2018	Every 3 Seconds, Someone in the World Develops Dementia